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English - Communicative
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Working in groups of four, write a dialogue between 
• A tiger behind bars and a man 
• A man in a cage and a tiger. 

[2] Writing and Grammar
Chapter: [2] Writing and Grammar
Concept: undefined >> undefined

Look at the notes given below and complete the paragraph that follows by choosing the correct options from the choices given below. Write the correct options in your answer sheet against the correct blank numbers.

Kalakshetra - cultural academy - preserves - Indian art - founded in 1936 - internationally recognized Indian Parliament Act - institution of national Importance.
Kalakshetra is a cultural academy dedicated to (a) especially Bharathanatyam. The academy (b) Arundale and under her guidance the institution achieved (c) for its unique style and
perfection. In 1993 an (d) recognized the Kalakshetra foundation as an institution of national importance.

(a) (i) preserving Indian art
(ii) preservation in Indian art
(iii) preserves Indian art
(iv) preserve Indian art

(b) (i) is being founded in 1936 by
(ii) was founded in 1936 by
(iii) has been founded in 1936 by
(iv) founded in 1936 by

(c) (i) internationally recognised
(ii) internationally recognition
(iii) international recognition
(iv) international recognised

(d) (i) an Act of the Indian Parliament
(ii) an Act by Indian Parliament
(iii) an Act in Indian Parliament
(iv) the Act by Indian Parliament

[2] Writing and Grammar
Chapter: [2] Writing and Grammar
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Listen to the extract on Tigers read by teacher/ student which is given below , and as you listen, complete the summary given below. 

Save Tigers 
The price of human greed is being paid by yet another animal species the Tiger. Today the tiger population is getting depleted at an alarming rate. According to a recent survey, one tiger is being poached everyday. If the present state of affairs is allowed to continue, the next generation will not get to see the majestic animal even in the zoo. 
It is high time that action is taken to protect and conserve the tigers in order to maintain the ecological balance. Stringent laws against poachers must be enforced. It is over 40 years since the tigers became our national animal. As a result, the species was to be protected. Ironically, they are closer to extinction now than ever before. Children, scientists, conservationists, NGOs and institutions in India and world wide have put their heart and soul into trying to save the tiger. Yet there is little we all have been able to do. The responsibility and the power of protection lies with the government, specifically the forest department. 
Let us not forget that if we destroy nature, ultimately we will be destroyed ourselves. 
Tiger, an apex predator is an indicator of our ecosystem's health. Saving the tiger means we save the forest, since tiger cannot live in places where trees have vanished, and in turn secure food and water for all. 
Tigers are now an endangered species. Today there are about 5000 to 7,400 left in the world. Three types of tigers - The Bali, Javan and Caspian tigers have become extinct. The two reasons why tigers are endangered are: Habitat loss and illegal killing. 
Illegal Killing 
One of the most concerning threat to our national animal that needs to be recognised is poaching. Tigers are killed to make rugs and coats out of their skins. 
In many Asian cultures medicines made from tiger's body organs are believed to cure diseases. 

Habitat Loss
Forests where tigers live are cut by humans for farming, building houses and roads. This leads to tigers becoming homeless and without any food. Since other animals also die when forests are cut, it leads to tigers becoming weak and their ultimate death. 

Project Tiger 
Project Tiger is a wildlife conservation project initiated in India in 1972 to protect the Bengal Tigers. It was launched on April 1, 1973 and has become one of the most successful wild life conservation ventures. The project aims at Tiger conservation in specially constituted Tiger reserves representative of various bio geographical regions through out India. It strives to maintain a viable conservation based on tiger population in their natural environment. 
Project Tiger was Indira Gandhi's pet project. The main achievements of this project are excellent recovery of the habitat and consequent increase in the tiger population in the reserve areas, from a mere 268 in 7 reserves in 1972 to above one thousand in 28 reserves in 2006. 
Tigers being at the apex of the food chain can be considered as the indicator of the integrity of the ecosystem. They can be found in a wide range of habitats, from the evergreen and monsoon forests of the Inda-Malayan realm to the mixed coniferous - deciduous woodlands of the Far east Russia and the mangrove swamps of the Sundarbans, shared by India and Bangladesh. 
Tigers are mostly nocturnal but in the northern part of its range, the Siberian subspecies may also be active during the day at winter-time. All wild tigers live in Asia, others live in the humid jungles of Sumatra. The body length is 140 - 280 cm and the tail length is 60 to 95 cm. The upper part of the animal ranges from reddish orange to ochre and the under parts all whitish. The body has a series of black stripes of black to dark grey colour. 

[1] Reading
Chapter: [1] Reading
Concept: undefined >> undefined

Rearrange the following words and phrases to form meaningful sentences.

    1. of the owner / a computer virus / that can / infect a / computer / is a program / without the knowledge
    2. can spread / or even a CD / a true virus / through the Internet / or a USB drive
    3. infect / viruses / file system / the network / the host files / corrupting / of
    4. install / anti-virus / many users / known viruses / software that / can detect and eliminate
[2] Writing and Grammar
Chapter: [2] Writing and Grammar
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In each sentence four words are underlined. One of them is incorrect. Pick out the incorrect words and write them in the answer space against the correct number:

  1. Music therapy use music to improve the patient’s health.
    _______________________________
  2. It is used with individuals of all ages.
    _______________________________
  3. It helps in curing a variety of medical problems as substance abuse and aging.
    _______________________________
  4. It is also used to improve learning and reduces stress,
    _______________________________
[2] Writing and Grammar
Chapter: [2] Writing and Grammar
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Fill in the blanks :

1. The next generation is not likely to see the tiger because of _________________________
2. ________________ laws against poachers must be enforced. 
3. The responsibility of protection of the tiger lies with the ___________________
4. One of the reasons for Tiger becoming extinct is _______________
5. Destroying nature means ________________
6. ___________________ , ________________ ,and _______________ are different types of tigers. 
7. ______________ is a wild life conservation project. 
8. Tigers are found in the evergreen and monsoon forests of the ______________
9. Though tigers are mostly nocturnal, __________ species may also be active during the day. 
10. The body length of the tiger is _______________ cm. 

[2] Writing and Grammar
Chapter: [2] Writing and Grammar
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Choose the correct answer and fill in the blanks:

(a) Cars enable you to reach any place you want. ____________ , they pose parking problems in the cities.
(b) I prefer writing __________
(c) He fell ___________ the ladder.
(d) John, as well as his younger brothers, _________ going abroad for further studies.
(e) You’d better take a taxi. ___________ , you’ll arrive late.
(f) It’s not a very good job. _____________ it’s something to start with.

(a) (i) However
(ii) Although
(iii) Despite
(iv) So that
(b) (i) on
(ii) in
(iii) by
(iv) with
(c) (i) on
(ii) out
(iii) of
(iv) off
(d) (i) is
(ii) are
(iii) have
(iv) been
(e) (i) However
(ii) Consequently
(iii) Furthermore
(iv) Otherwise
(f) (i) Besides
(ii) Moreover
(iii) On the other hand
(iv) But
[2] Writing and Grammar
Chapter: [2] Writing and Grammar
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Massive poaching in the past two years has wiped out the entire tiger population at one of the tiger reserves in India,' claims an investigation report. 
Study the information in 7 and 8 and notice how the number of tigers are falling. Using the information, write a paragraph in about 150 words on Project Tiger. 

[2] Writing and Grammar
Chapter: [2] Writing and Grammar
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Complete the following passage by choosing the correct option. The first one has been done as an example:

Martin Cooper, (a) _______ a Motorola researcher and executive, is widely (b) _______ to be the inventor (c)_______ the first mobile phone in 1973. There are (d) _______ categories of mobile phones (e)_______ from basic phones and feature phones (f)______ as music phones, camera phones to smart phones. The (g)_________commonly used data application on mobile phones (h)______ text messaging. Mobile phones generally (i)_______power from batteries which (j)_______ be recharged. The use of cellphones (k)_________ while driving as a safety measure.

(a) (i) an
(ii) the
(iii) a
(iv) X
(b) (i) consider
(ii) considered
(iii) considering
(iv) have considered
(c) (i) for
(ii) of
(iii) as
(iv) off
(d) (i) many
(ii) few
(iii) much
(iv) more
(e) (i) are ranging
(ii) ranging
(iii) range
(iv) ranges
(f) (i) some
(ii) like
(iii) such
(iv) similar
(g) (i) much
(ii) more
(iii) most
(iv) many
(h) (i) is
(ii) are
(iii) has been
(iv) being
(i) (i) obtain
(ii) is obtaining
(iii) obtaining
(iv) obtained
(j) (i) would
(ii) can
(iii) may
(iv) should
(k) (i) ban
(ii) was banned
(iii) banning
(iv) is banned
 
[2] Writing and Grammar
Chapter: [2] Writing and Grammar
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Read the following story
There lived a wise old man in Purkul, Dehradun. The villagers looked up to him and approached him for all their problems. Three naughty boys Amar, Naveen and Praveen wanted to test the old man's wisdom.  One fine morning they caught a butterfly while playing in the garden. Amar had the
butterfly in his hand. He said, "We will go to the old man and ask him ifthe butterfly is dead or alive. If the old man says, 'the butterfly is dead', I will open my hands and release the butterfly. It will fly away." "If he says it is alive?" asked N aveen looking at Amar with a smirk. "I will crush the butterfly and show him the dead insect," said Amar. The three of them set forth with their wonderful plan.
Amar went to the old man and said, "Sir, the villagers say you can predict the future. Now tell us if the butterfly in my hand is dead or alive?" The old man looked at the three boys with a serene smile and said, "It is in your hands."

[1] Reading
Chapter: [1] Reading
Concept: undefined >> undefined

Read these sentences from the story.
1. We will go to the old man.
2. Iwillopenmyhands.
3. It will flyaway.
4. I will crush the butterfly.

The modal will is used to talk about a temporary event in progress at some
point in future.
Will is used to denote _________ time.
Did you know?
There are different constructions in English which can be used to refer to
future time.

1. Use of the simple present tense.
a. The IPL begins on 20th April.
b. If the newly introduced vaccine works, AIDS can be cured.
2. Use of shall/will
Will/shall is used to make a prediction about future events, in
advertisements, posters etc.
e.g. a. You will win the 1st prize.
b. The Nano car will be on the roads soon.
c. You shall lead a happy life.
3. Use of going to
Going to is normally used to refer to future events in two cases
(a) If there is a present indication of the future event.
e.g. India is going to emerge as a Super Power in 2020.
(b) to express intention
e.g. Smitha is going to marry Akshay.
4. Use of present continuous tense (be+ verb+ ing)
Present continuous tense is used to refer to future events that have been
already planned.
e.g. a. I'm meeting the Project Manger this evening.
b. I'm sorry I can't meet you tomorrow. I'm visiting my friend.
5. Use of be + about to + infinitive.
e.g. The train is about to leave.
6. Useofbe+to+v
e.g. Obama is to visit India in October.

[1] Reading
Chapter: [1] Reading
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Read the information given below. 
Do you know that tigers are the biggest cats in the world? There are five different kinds or sub-species of tigers alive in the world today. Tigers are called Panthera tigris in Latin, Bagh in Hindi & Bengali, Kaduva in Malayalam & Pedda Puli in Telugu.
Total Population of Tigers in the world 

SUB SPECIES  COUNTRIES  ESTIMATED
 Minimum 
POPULATION 
   Maximum 
P.t. altaica  China 12 20
Amur Siberian, N. Korea  10 10
Manchurian  Russia  415 476
N .E. China Tiger       
TOTAL   437 506
Royal BengalTiger Bangladesh  300 460
P.t. tigris  Bhutan  80 460
  China  30 35
  India  2500 3800
  Nepal  150 250
TOTAL   3060 5005
P.t. corbetti  Cambodia  100 200
(Inda-Chinese Tiger)  China  30 40
  Laos     
  Malaysia  600 650
  Myanmar     
  Thailand  250 600
  Vietnam  200 300
TOTAL   1180 1790
P.t. sumatrae  Sumatra  400 500
(Sumatran Tiger)       
TOTAL   400 500
P. t. amoyensis  China  20 30
(South China Tiger)       
TOTAL   20 30
GRAND TOTAL   5097 7831

Extinct Species 
P.t. virgata      (Caspian Tiger) 
P. t. sondaica  (Javan Tiger )
P. t. balica      (Bali Tiger) 

Tiger in Trouble 
Since some tiger parts are used in traditional medicine, the tiger is in danger. Apart from its head being used as a trophy to decorate walls, tigers are also hunted for the following. 
Head : As a trophy on the wall. 
Brain: To cure laziness and pimples. 
Teeth: For rabies, asthma and sores. 
Blood: For strengthening the constitution and will power. 
Fat: For vomiting, dog bites, bleeding haemorrhoids and scalp ailments in children. 
Skin: To treat mental illness and to make fur coats. 
Whiskers: For toothache. 

[1] Reading
Chapter: [1] Reading
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After reading the information given in Question 8, complete the table given below by filling in the blank spaces. 

Sub species Countries Estimated    Population
Minimum Maximum
P .t. altaica Amur (a)…………………………………………….. (b)……… (c)………
Royal Bengal Tiger India (d)……… (e)………
P. t. corbetti
(Indo­Chinese tiger)
China (f)………… 40
P. t. sumatrae
(Sumatran Tiger)
(g)…………………………………. 400 (h)…………
[2] Writing and Grammar
Chapter: [2] Writing and Grammar
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Look at sentences in Column A. Match them with the appropriate explanation in Column B.

A B
1. Next Friday is the
29th of May.
a. emphasizing that something
will happen very soon
2. I’ll have left by the
time you get here.
b. making a promise
3. I’m visiting my
uncle on Sunday.
c. predicting that some­thing
will be true at a given time in the future
4. I’ll send the photo­graphs
as soon as I can.
d. stating something
which is a certainty
5. The lesson is about
to start… hurry!
e. reporting a decision
made earlier
6. The population of
our country will increase
in the next ten years.
f. making a prediction
about future events
[2] Writing and Grammar
Chapter: [2] Writing and Grammar
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Look at the following pictures/diagrams. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate sentence/phrase, using suitable future time reference. The first one has been done for you as an example:

[2] Writing and Grammar
Chapter: [2] Writing and Grammar
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Simple Present and Present Continuous
Mr. Madan is going on tour next week. Look at his itinerary.

Mr. Madan Tour of North India and Nepal
Mon 7th Mumbai 06:30 Peace
Conference
Delhi 08:30
Tues 8th Delhi 07:30 Cultural
Centre
Agra 10:30
Wed 9th Agra 09:30 Local
School Head Teacher

Varanasi

13:30

Thurs 10th Varanasi 08:00
Discuss Trade
Unions
Patna 18:30
Fri 11th Patna 14:00
Himalayan Project

Kathmandu

17:00

Sat 12th Kathmandu 11:00 Delhi 14:00

Describe Mr. Madan’s schedule for next week. Use verbs from the table below.

[2] Writing and Grammar
Chapter: [2] Writing and Grammar
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Will and Shall

Look at this cartoon which shows the difference in the use of present continuous and will to express the future.
It’s Mike’s birthday on January 2nd.

[2] Writing and Grammar
Chapter: [2] Writing and Grammar
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Work in pairs. You and your partner are made in charge of your school. What will you change?


Discuss and then write about the decisions you would make.
Use the various verb forms available for future time reference.
e.g. Now we are in charge of the school, we shall…

[2] Writing and Grammar
Chapter: [2] Writing and Grammar
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First, you will hear a local radio programme, read out by teacher / student which is given below which will give you ideas for your own programme. First, listen without writing anything. 

Presenter 1: A very good day to all our listeners. This is your local radio station, Class IX Local Radio - bringing you up-to-the - minute news, current affairs, music, interviews, round-ups - and much much more. 
Presenter2: Yes, and in today's programme we have a special report from Ketaki Lahiri on "Safety at School". 
Presenter 1: Nikhil Gomes brings you his regular weekly review of "Beyond the Timetable", 
Presenter 2: And Leena invites you to "Meet the Teacher". 
Presenter 1: And lots more - jokes, news -you name it and we have it. We start with the round-up of School News by our roving correspondent - Anant Singh. Anant, over to you. 
Anant: Good morning, everybody! The highlight of this weeks' School News is that our school football team lost every single match it played in the YMCA football tournament at league level. The physical education teacher is so livid that he has threatened to make the school team practice on a doubletime schedule from tomorrow. So, friends, it's "wake-up" at 4 a.m for all footballers henceforth. 

In another school news, the tiny tots were taken on a visit to the zoo. Some, it is said, did not wish to return. One accompanying teacher, we are told, had a tough time convincing them that life outside is better! 

Class XII put on a one-act play "Examination Fever" which was written, directed and produced by them. The proceeds from this show are being sent to "Prathyasha" - an organisation that helps handicapped children. 
Look out next week for new faces around the school. A group of 20 students from Japan are arriving on a cultural exchange programme, We might even get one of them on our next edition ofThe Class IX Radio Show! 

Presenter 1: So ... Lots happening at school, it seems,-and lots more on your Local Radio. It's time for jokes now. Over to you, Hafeez and Aarohi. 
Aarohi: Waiter , Waiter , what's wrong with these eggs ?
Hafeez: I don't know. I only laid the table; 
Aarohi: Waiter, waiter, what's this fly doing in my soup? 
Hafeez: Breaststroke, I think, Sir, 
Teacher: I wish-you would pay a little more attention.
Pupil: I'm paying as little as I can. 
Teacher: You should have been here at 9 o'clock. 
Pupil: Why, what happened? 
Presenter 2: Thank you, Hafeez and Aarohi. And don't forget, listeners, to send in your jokes. Every original joke will win you a reward of RslO/- for each one played on your favourite radio programme - Class IX Local Radio - the station just for you. 
Presenter 1 : And now to your regular spot "Meet the Teacher", in which Leena interviews one of your favourite teachers to discover the real person "behind the chalk dust". 
So it's all yours, Leena. 
Leena: Thank you ! I'm delighted today to be able to interview the Head of the Science Department, Mr Chirag Sharma. Mr Sharma, what all our listeners are dying to know is - are you as strict at home as you are at school? 
Mr Sharma: (Laughs heartily). I don't have a bunch of forty naughty children at home. 
Leena: Did you ever get into trouble when you were at school? 
Mr Sharma : Have you ever thought about how I am able to catch you in your tricks? I was usually up to the same tricks at school! No, I'm afraid my teachers were not very happy with me. 
Leena: How good were you in your studies, Sir? 
Mr Sharma: Ah, that was my strong point. My work was always up-to-date and fairly good. I was naughty, but I was also keen to learn more. 
Leena: How do you spend your evenings and holidays, Sir? 
Mr Sharma: I like to spend time at home with my teenage children. We have common tastes in music. 
Leena: Any message for our listeners Sir? 
Mr Sharma: Yes. Fun and-play have their place in our lives. We must enjoy our play. At the same time, we must work with enthusiasm and sincerity. 
Leena: Thank you, sir !
Presenter 2 : Thank you Leena for that fascinating interview. I'm sure we all know, now what makes Mr Sharma 1tick1• And now it's time for a break. It's "advert time". 
"Buy two but pay for one!" 
Ruchita of VIIC has a fabulous offer. Two pencil boxes for the price of one. Pay Rs 5 / for the bargain. 
Lost - A Keltron calculator. Krishna of Class XIIA has offered a treat in the school canteen to the finder. 
Presenter 1: And now, a very serious subject. Ketaki has been researching the topic 'Safety at School'. She has come up with some very disturbing findings. This is the report. Ketaki? 
Ketaki: As I went around the senior school I was alarmed to find a number of broken electric sockets with exposed wires. Beware of this hidden danger, senior students. That brings me to another danger - this time in the primary block. The lid of the ground level water tank is broken. Till it is repaired, students are warned not to go anywhere near it. 
Presenter 2 : Well, time1s up boys and girls of Class IX Local Radio - bringing you news and entertainment of interest to you, in your school and locality. Until next week ... 

[2] Writing and Grammar
Chapter: [2] Writing and Grammar
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Before you listen for the second time, discuss the following with your partner.

  1. Why are there two presenters?
  2. What is the presenter’s role?
  3. What is the presenter’s style? Do you like their style? Why / Why not?
  4. Why do the presenters outline some of the contents right at the start of the programme?
[2] Writing and Grammar
Chapter: [2] Writing and Grammar
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