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Analyze three major developments towards the end of the 1980s that made a long-lasting impact on the politics of India.
Concept: Context of the 1990s
What is cognitive dissonance?
Concept: Nature and Components of Attitudes
One of the most significant yet paradoxical changes in the caste system in the contemporary period is that it has tended to become ‘invisible’ for the upper caste, urban middle, and upper classes. Elaborate.
Concept: Caste and the Caste System
| “Every human being needs a sense of stable identity to operate in this world. Questions like — Who am I? How am I different from others? How do others understand and comprehend me? What goals and aspirations should I have? – constantly crop up in our life right from childhood. We are able to answer many of these questions because of the way in which we are socialised, or taught how to live in society by our immediate families and our community in various senses.” |
During a communal conflict, communities construct matching but opposite mirror images of each other. Explain this statement.
Concept: Cultural Communities and the Nation-state
As a senior biology student you have been asked to demonstrate to the students of secondary level in your school, the procedure(s) that shall ensure cross-pollination in a hermaphrodite flower. List the different steps that you would suggest and provide reasons for each one of them.
Concept: Pollination
Why do moss plants produce very large number of male gametes? Provide one reason. What are these gametes called?
Concept: Pollination
Geitonogamous flowering plants are genetically autogamous but functionally cross-pollinated. Justify.
Concept: Pollination
Describe the characteristic features of wind pollinated flowers.
Concept: Pollination
Some organisms suspend their metabolic activities to survive in unfavourable conditions. Explain with the help of any four examples.
Concept: Endosperm
Why are some seeds referred to as apomictic seeds?
Concept: Polyembryony
Angiosperms bearing unisexual flowers are said to be either monoecious or dioecious. Explain with the help of one example each.
Concept: Endosperm
A flower of tomato plant following the process of sexual reproduction produces 240 viable seeds.
Answer the following questions giving reasons :
(a) What is the minimum number of pollen grains that must have been involved in the pollination of its pistil?
(b) What would have been the minimum number of ovules present in the ovary?
(c) How many megaspore mother cells were involved?
(d) What is the minimum number of microspore mother cells involved in the above case?
(e) How many male gametes were involved in this case?
Concept: Pollination
A non biology person is quite shocked to know that apple is a false fruit, mango is a true fruit and banana is a seedless fruit. As a biology student how would you satisfy this person?
Concept: Endosperm
Describe the development of endosperm after double fertilisation in an angiosperm.
Concept: Endosperm
A flower of tomato plant following the process of sexual reproduction produces 200 viable seeds.
Answer the following questions giving reasons :
(a) What would have been the minimum number of ovules present in pre-pollinated pistil ?
(b) How many microscope mother cells would minimally be required to produce requisite number of pollen grains ?
(c) How many pollen grains must have minimally pollinated the carple ?
(d) How many male gametes would have used to produce these 200 viable seeds ?
(e) How many megaspore mother cells were required in this process ?
Concept: Pollination
Name the part of the flower which the tassels of the corn- cob represent.
Concept: Pollination
Sketch and label stages in the development of the angiospermic female gametophyte from the functional megaspore.
Concept: Flower
Mention two strategies that evolved to prevent self-pollination in flowers.
Concept: Pollination
List the three stages the annuals and biennial angiosperms have to pass through during their life cycle.
Concept: Flower
In a flowering plant a microspore mother cell produces four male gametophytes, while a megaspore mother cell forms only one female gametophyte. Explain.
Concept: Flower
