Key Points
Key Points: Political Contestation
- Decisions in democracy involve choices and conflicts.
- People, not experts alone, decide.
- Post-Independence development involved major debates.
- Role of the state was contested.
- Political judgement and public approval are essential.
Key Points: The First Five Year Plan
- Aim to reduce poverty.
- Priority to agriculture.
- Investment in large projects.
- Focus on land reforms.
- Encouraging savings and growth.
Key Points: Rapid Industrialisation (Second Five Year Plan)
- Focus on heavy industries.
- Leadership of P. C. Mahalanobis.
- Socialist pattern of society.
- Protection and public sector growth.
- Problems and criticism.
Key Points: Orissa villagers protest against POSCO plant
- Protest against displacement.
- Protest took place in Jagatsinghpur district, Orissa, outside the Korean company’s office in Bhubaneswar.
- Demand for cancellation of agreement.
- Role of local communities and organisations.
- Example of political contestation.
Key Points: Ideas of Development
- The idea of development varies for different groups—industrialists, consumers and local communities like Adivasis.
- Development leads to debate and conflict.
- Western model influenced early thinking.
- Modernisation was linked with industrial growth, capitalism, material progress and scientific rationality.
- India considered both the capitalist model (USA/Europe) and the socialist model (USSR).
- Broad agreement that the government must play a key role in reducing poverty and ensuring economic and social justice.
Key Points: Planning
- Consensus on state-led development.
- Experiences like the Great Depression, post-war reconstruction, and Soviet economic growth.
- Planning Commission was not sudden.
- Bombay Plan (1944).
- Established after Independence, with the Prime Minister as Chairperson.
Key Points: Planning Commission
- Planning Commission was set up in March 1950.
- It was not created by the Constitution.
- Became effective only after approval by the Union Cabinet.
- Guided by Directive Principles.
- Aim of reducing inequality.
Key Points: The Early Initiatives of Planning
- Adoption of Five Year Plans.
- Government budgets were divided into plan and non-plan expenditures.
- First Five Year Plan (1951).
- Expansion of planning in early years.
- Plan holiday after 1966.
Key Points: P. C. Mahalanobis
- Renowned scientist and statistician of international repute.
- Founder of the Indian Statistical Institute (1931).
- Architect of the Second Five Year Plan of India.
- Strong supporter of rapid industrialisation.
- Advocated a major role for the public sector in India’s economic development.
Important Questions [12]
- In the Given Outline Map of India, Five States Have Been Marked as (A), (B), (D) and (E). Identify Them on the Basis of the Information Given Below and Write Their Correct Names in Your Answer Book with Their Respective Serial Number of the Information Used and the Alphabet Concerned.
- Evaluate the Major Outcomes of the Indian Model of Mixed Economy.
- In which year was the NITI Aayog constituted?
- Who among the following appoints the Vice Chairperson of NITI Aayog?
- Which of the following statements about NITI Aayog are true? i. NITI Aayog acts as a “think tank” of the Union Government. ii. NITI Aayog acts against terrorism. iii. NITI Aayog acts in the spirit of
- Planning Commission was set up by ______.
- Explain any two reasons for the formation of the NITI Aayog in place of the Planning Commission by the Union Government.
- Which of these statements about the Bombay Plan is incorrect?
- Which one of the following is not the objective of NITI Aayog ?
- Which one among the following was expected from the Second Five Year Plan?
- What was the main focus of the Second Five Year Plan?
- Highlight any three features of the First Five Year Plan.
Concepts [9]
- 12th Five Year Plan (2012-2017)
- Expansion of State Sector and the Rise of New Economic Interests
- Famine and Suspension of Five Year Plans
- Green Revolution and Its Political Fallouts
- Introduction of Politics of Planned Development
- The Early Initiatives
- Key Controversies
- Major Outcome
- Overview of Politics of Planned Development
