Songi Bhajan is a type of devotional performance in which singer-actors portray devotees and present religious messages through dialogues sung in the form of devotional songs.
Definitions [6]
Definition: Bhajan
To sing songs in praise of God and chanting god’s name accompanied by instruments like taal (cymbals), mridangam, pakhavaj is known as Bhajan.
Definition: Chakri Bhajan
Chakri Bhajan is a form of devotional singing in which devotees move in a circular manner while continuously singing songs in praise of God without interruption.
Definition: Songi Bhajan
Definition: Bharud
Bharud can be described as a metaphorical song that has spiritual and ethical lessons.
Definition: Powada
Powada (ballad) is a dramatic narration by alternatingly reciting poetry and prosaic extracts.
Definition: Theatre
Theatre is a place devoted to performances, either solo or collective, of performing arts.
Key Points
Key Points: Need for Entertainment
- Entertainment refreshes the mind and gives happiness.
- It helps in personality development and improves work efficiency.
- Hobbies, games, festivals, music, and films are sources of entertainment.
- Entertainment is of two types: Active and Passive.
- Active needs participation; passive involves only watching or listening.
Key Points: Folk Theatre
- Folk theatre includes puppetry, Dashavatara, Bhajan, Keertan, Lalit, Bharud, Tamasha, and Powada.
- Kathputali puppetry is an ancient art using wooden puppets and guided by a narrator (sutradhara).
- Dashavatara is a musical folk theatre of Maharashtra based on Lord Vishnu’s ten incarnations.
- Bhajan and Keertan are devotional singing forms performed in temples and religious gatherings.
- Lalit and Bharud present religious and moral stories in a theatrical and musical style.
- Tamasha combines dance, music, humour, and drama and begins with praise of Lord Ganesha.
- Powada is a ballad that narrates heroic deeds and historical events to inspire people.
Key Points: Marathi Theatre
- Theatre is a combined art form that includes acting, script, music, stage arrangement, and audience participation.
- Marathi theatre developed mainly in the nineteenth century, and Vishnudas Bhave is known as the father of Marathi theatre.
- Early Marathi plays were based on mythological, historical, and social themes and often used humour.
- The popularity of classical music led to the development of musical Marathi theatre.
- Marathi theatre gradually shifted from open stages to closed theatres.
Key Points: Indian Film Industry
- Cinema combines art and technology and developed from silent films to sound films.
- Maharashtra played a key role in the growth of Indian cinema through early pioneers.
- Pundalik (1912) was released in Mumbai, and Raja Harischandra (1913) was the first film fully made in India.
- Dadasaheb Phalke made several silent films and documentaries on historical and religious subjects.
- Baburao Painter produced important historical and social films, such as Sairandhri and Savakari Pash.
- Some films were banned by the British, and Kamalabai Mangarulkar became the first woman producer.
- Indian cinema grew further with famous films and major production studios.
Key Points: Entertainment and Professional Opportunities
- Students of history have career opportunities in drama and cinema.
- Drama needs historical knowledge for accurate stage backdrops.
- Script and dialogue writing need experts in language and culture.
- Cinema offers work as art directors or consultants using historical knowledge.
Important Questions [16]
- Explain the following statement with reasons. Expertise in history is important in the film industry.
- Write a short note on Need of entertainment.
- Explain the Following Statement with Reasons: Bharuds Composed by Saint Eknath the Are Popular in Maharashtra.
- Identify the wrong pair in the following and rewrite. i. Dashavatara - Tyagraj ii. Khanjiri Bhajan - Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj iii. Keertan - Saint Namdev iv. Bharud - Saint Eknath
- Complete the Concept Map :
- Answer the following question in 25-30 words. What is Powada?
- Complete the Following Chart. Characteristics Examples Bhajan, Keertan, Lalit, Bharud
- Read the following extract and answer the questions below : Dashavatara Theatre: Dashavatara is part of the folk theatre in Maharashtra.
- Describe in brief the Dashavatara shows.
- Complete the following table: Characteristics Example Lalit Bharud
- Explain the following statement with reasons. Bharuds composed by Saint Eknath is popular in Maharashtra.
- Identify the wrong pair in the following, correct it and rewrite. Raigadala Jevha Jag Yete – Vasant Kanetkar, Tilak Ani Agarkar – Vishram Bedekar, Sashtang Namaskar – Acharya Atre
- Write a short note: Marathi Theatre
- Find the incorrect pair in every set and rewrite the correct one. (i) Raigadala Jevha Jag Yete - Vasant Kanetkar (ii) Tilak Ani Agarkar - Vishram Bedekar (iii) Sashtang Namaskar - Acharya Atre
- Why is Maharashtra known as the land that nurtured the Indian Film Industry? Explain with examples.
- Complete the concept map: Indian Classical Dance Forms
