मराठी
महाराष्ट्र राज्य शिक्षण मंडळएचएससी वाणिज्य (इंग्रजी माध्यम) इयत्ता १२ वी

The following table shows the production of gasoline in U.S.A. for the years 1962 to 1976.i. Obtain trend values for the above data using 5-yearly moving averages. ii. Plot the original time series

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प्रश्न

The following table shows the production of gasoline in U.S.A. for the years 1962 to 1976.

Year 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Production
(Million Barrels)
0 0 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10

i. Obtain trend values for the above data using 5-yearly moving averages.
ii. Plot the original time series and trend values obtained above on the same graph.

बेरीज
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उत्तर

i.

Year
t
Production (millions of barrels) yt 5–yearly
moving total
5–yearly moving averages trend value
1962 0 – –
1963 0 – –
1964 1 4 0.8
1965 1 7 1.4
1966 2 11 2.2
1967 3 15 3
1968 4 20 4
1969 5 25 5
1970 6 30 6
1971 7 35 7
1972 8 38 7.6
1973 9 41 8.2
1974 8 44 8.8
1975 9 – –
1976 10 – –

ii.
Taking year on X-axis and production trend on Y-axis, we plot the points for production corresponding to years to get the graph of time series and plot the points for trend values corresponding to years to get the graph of trend as shown in the adjoining figure. Production: 5 yearly moving Average: ---------------

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Measurement of Secular Trend
  या प्रश्नात किंवा उत्तरात काही त्रुटी आहे का?
पाठ 4: Time Series - Exercise 4.1 [पृष्ठ ६७]

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Year 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
Production
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0 0 1 1 2 3 4 5
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  `sumx_t=68` - `sumu=0` `sumu^2=60` `square`

The equation of trend is xt =a'+ b'u.

The normal equations are,

`sumx_t=na^'+b^'sumu             ...(1)`

`sumux_t=a^'sumu+b^'sumu^2      ...(2)`

Here, n = 9, `sumx_t=68,sumu=0,sumu^2=60,sumux_t=-44`

Putting these values in normal equations, we get

68 = 9a' + b'(0)     ...(3)

∴ a' = `square`

-44 = a'(0) + b'(60)          ...(4)

∴ b' = `square`

The equation of trend line is given by

xt = `square`


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