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प्रश्न
Study and complete the following table:
| Homologous series | Alkane | Alkyne |
| General formula | CnH2n+2 | 1. ______ |
| IUPAC name | 2. ______ | Ethyne |
| Common name | Marsh gas | 3. ______ |
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उत्तर
| Homologous series | Alkane | Alkyne |
| General formula | CnH2n+2 | 1. CnH2n−2 |
| IUPAC name | 2. Methane | Ethyne |
| Common name | Marsh gas | 3. Acetylene |
Explanation:
1. The general formula of the alkyne is CnH2n−2· Due to the presence of triple bond four hydrogens are removed from the molecular formula of alkane. For example, in the case of ethyne, the two carbons have already formed triple bonds therefore they only need one more bond in order to complete their octet.
2. The IUPAC name of the first member of the alkane family is methane. Also, the common name given in the table is Marsh gas which is the common name of methane gas.
3. The common name of ethyne is acetylene as it contains the acetyl group. This name was coined by a French chemist (Marcelin-Pierre-Eugene Berthelot) in 1864.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Classify the following carbon compounds into two homologous series and name them.
C3H4, C3H6, C4H6, C4H8, C5H8, C5H10
Fill in the following blank with suitable word:
Ethene and ethyne are examples of ..... hydrocarbons.
What is a homologous series? Explain with an example.
The molecular formula of an organic compound is C18H36. Name its homologous series.
A colourless organic liquid X of molecular formula C2H4O2 turns blue litmus to red. Another colourless organic liquid Y of molecular formula C3H6O has no action on any litmus but it is used as a nail polish remover. A yet another colourless organic liquid Z of molecular formula C2H6O has also no action on litmus but it is used in tincture of iodine.
(a) Name the liquid X. To which homologous series does it belong? Give the name of another member of this homologous series.
(b) Name the liquid Y. To which homologous series does it belong? Write the name of another member of this homologous series.
(c) Can you name an organic compound having the same molecular formula as liquid Y but which belongs to a different homologous series? What is this homologous series?
(d) Name the liquid Z. To which homologous series does it belong? Write the name of another member of this homologous series.
Copy and complete the following table, which relates to the three homologous series of hydrocarbons:
| General formula | CnH2n | CnH2n-2 | CnH2n+2 |
| IUPAC name of the homologus series | |||
| Characteristic bond type | Single bonds | ||
| IUPAC name of the first member of the series | |||
| Type of reaction with chlorine | Addition |
What is the difference in the molecular formula of any two adjacent homologues:
(i) In terms of molecular mass
(ii) In terms of number and kind of atoms per molecule?
There are different general molecular formula for all members of the homologous series.
C3H8 belongs to the homologous series of ______.
Consider the carbon compounds having following molecular formula:
(i) C2H2 (ii) C2H5 (iii) C3H7OH (iv) C2H6COOH (v) CH3CHO
- Identify which one of the above compounds, is a member of aldehyde series.
- Write the general formula of the series to which compound C2H2 belongs.
- Which one of the above compounds has triple bonds between carbon-carbon atoms?
- Write the molecular formula of the first member of the homologous series to which the compound C3H7OH belongs.
