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प्रश्न
Solve the following system of equations by matrix method:
x − y + z = 2
2x − y = 0
2y − z = 1
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उत्तर
Here,
\[A = \begin{bmatrix}1 & - 1 & 1 \\ 2 & - 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 2 & - 1\end{bmatrix}\]
\[\left| A \right| = \begin{vmatrix}1 & - 1 & 1 \\ 2 & - 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 2 & - 1\end{vmatrix}\]
\[ = 1\left( 1 - 0 \right) + 1\left( - 2 - 0 \right) + 1(4 - 0)\]
\[ = 1 - 2 + 4\]
\[ = 3\]
\[ {\text{ Let }C}_{ij} {\text{ be the cofactors of the elements a }}_{ij}\text{ in }A\left[ a_{ij} \right].\text{ Then,}\]
\[ C_{11} = \left( - 1 \right)^{1 + 1} \begin{vmatrix}- 1 & 0 \\ 2 & - 1\end{vmatrix} = 1, C_{12} = \left( - 1 \right)^{1 + 2} \begin{vmatrix}2 & 0 \\ 0 & - 1\end{vmatrix} = 2, C_{13} = \left( - 1 \right)^{1 + 3} \begin{vmatrix}2 & - 1 \\ 0 & 2\end{vmatrix} = 4\]
\[ C_{21} = \left( - 1 \right)^{2 + 1} \begin{vmatrix}- 1 & 1 \\ 2 & - 1\end{vmatrix} = 1, C_{22} = \left( - 1 \right)^{2 + 2} \begin{vmatrix}1 & 1 \\ 0 & - 1\end{vmatrix} = - 1, C_{23} = \left( - 1 \right)^{2 + 3} \begin{vmatrix}1 & - 1 \\ 0 & 2\end{vmatrix} = - 2\]
\[ C_{31} = \left( - 1 \right)^{3 + 1} \begin{vmatrix}- 1 & 1 \\ - 1 & 0\end{vmatrix} = 1, C_{32} = \left( - 1 \right)^{3 + 2} \begin{vmatrix}1 & 1 \\ 2 & 0\end{vmatrix} = 2, C_{33} = \left( - 1 \right)^{3 + 3} \begin{vmatrix}1 & - 1 \\ 2 & - 1\end{vmatrix} = 1\]
\[adj A = \begin{bmatrix}1 & 2 & 4 \\ 1 & - 1 & - 2 \\ 1 & 2 & 1\end{bmatrix}^T \]
\[ = \begin{bmatrix}1 & 1 & 1 \\ 2 & - 1 & 2 \\ 4 & - 2 & 1\end{bmatrix}\]
\[ \Rightarrow A^{- 1} = \frac{1}{\left| A \right|}adj A\]
\[ = \frac{1}{1}\begin{bmatrix}1 & 1 & 1 \\ 2 & - 1 & 2 \\ 4 & - 2 & 1\end{bmatrix}\]
\[X = A^{- 1} B\]
\[ \Rightarrow \begin{bmatrix}x \\ y \\ z\end{bmatrix} = \frac{1}{3}\begin{bmatrix}1 & 1 & 1 \\ 2 & - 1 & 2 \\ 4 & - 2 & 1\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}2 \\ 0 \\ 1\end{bmatrix}\]
\[ \Rightarrow \begin{bmatrix}x \\ y \\ z\end{bmatrix} = \frac{1}{3}\begin{bmatrix}2 + 1 \\ 4 + 2 \\ 8 + 1\end{bmatrix}\]
\[ \Rightarrow \begin{bmatrix}x \\ y \\ z\end{bmatrix} = \frac{1}{1}\begin{bmatrix}3 \\ 6 \\ 9\end{bmatrix}\]
\[ \Rightarrow x = \frac{3}{3}, y = \frac{6}{3}\text{ and }z = \frac{9}{3}\]
\[ \therefore x = 1, y = 2\text{ and }z = 3\]
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