मराठी

If Li, Mi, Ni, I = 1, 2, 3 Denote the Direction Cosines of Three Mutually Perpendicular Vectors in Space, Prove that Aat = I, Where - Mathematics

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प्रश्न

If liminii = 1, 2, 3 denote the direction cosines of three mutually perpendicular vectors in space, prove that AAT = I, where \[A = \begin{bmatrix}l_1 & m_1 & n_1 \\ l_2 & m_2 & n_2 \\ l_3 & m_3 & n_3\end{bmatrix}\]

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उत्तर

Given : \[\left( l_1 , m_1 , n_1 \right), \left( l_2 , m_2 , n_2 \right), \left( l_3 , m_3 , n_3 \right)\]are the direction cosines of three mutually perpendicular vectors in space.

\[\left. \begin{array}l_1^2 + m_1^2 + n_1^2 = 1 \\ l_2^2 + m_2^2 + n_2^2 = 1 \\ l_3^2 + m_3^2 + n_3^2 = 1\end{array} \right\} . . . . . \left( i \right)\]
\[\left. \begin{array}l_1 l_2 + m_1 m_2 + n_1 n_2 = 0 \\ l_2 l_3 + m_2 m_3 + n_2 n_3 = 0 \\ l_3 l_1 + m_3 m_1 + n_3 n_1 = 0\end{array} \right\} . . . . . \left( ii \right)\]

Let \[A = \begin{bmatrix}l_1 & m_1 & n_1 \\ l_2 & m_2 & n_2 \\ l_3 & m_3 & n_3\end{bmatrix}\]

\[A = \begin{bmatrix}l_1 & m_1 & n_1 \\ l_2 & m_2 & n_2 \\ l_3 & m_3 & n_3\end{bmatrix}\]

\[A A^T = \begin{bmatrix}l_1 & m_1 & n_1 \\ l_2 & m_2 & n_2 \\ l_3 & m_3 & n_3\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}l_1 & l_2 & l_3 \\ m_1 & m_2 & m_3 \\ n_1 & n_2 & n_3\end{bmatrix}\]
\[ \Rightarrow A A^T = \begin{bmatrix}{l_1}^2 + {m_1}^2 + {n_1}^2 & l_1 l_2 + m_1 m_2 + n_1 n_2 & l_3 l_1 + m_3 m_1 + n_3 n_1 \\ l_1 l_2 + m_1 m_2 + n_1 n_2 & {l_2}^2 + {m_2}^2 + {n_2}^2 & l_2 l_3 + m_2 m_3 + n_2 n_3 \\ l_3 l_1 + m_3 m_1 + n_3 n_1 & l_2 l_3 + m_2 m_3 + n_2 n_3 & {l_3}^2 + {m_3}^2 + {n_3}^2\end{bmatrix}\]
\[\]

From (i) and (ii), we get

\[A A^T = \begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1\end{bmatrix} = I\]

Hence proved.

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पाठ 5: Algebra of Matrices - Exercise 5.4 [पृष्ठ ५५]

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आरडी शर्मा Mathematics [English] Class 12
पाठ 5 Algebra of Matrices
Exercise 5.4 | Q 10 | पृष्ठ ५५

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