Question

Read the following report and answer the questions by choosing the correct/most appropriate option:

(1)	How bird hits happen, why they are a concern? New Delhi June 20 At least two bird strike incidents happened on Sunday. Both aircrafts returned to their airports of origin and were grounded for maintenance. An ABC aircraft, which took off from Guwahati towards Delhi, suffered damage to its left engine following a bird hit at 1600 feet. The pilots returned to Guwahati. The other strike happened on another flight from Patna to Delhi. The pilots of the aircraft suspected a bird strike during the take-off roll but continued to climb. Following the take-off rotation, they were informed by the cabin crew of sparks emanating from the left engine. Subsequently, the pilots were also informed by air traffic control of smoke coming out of one of the engines. The pilots declared an emergency and returned to Patna.
(2)	Why are bird strikes a concern? Bird strikes are among the most common threats to aircraft safety, and they typically occur during take-off or landing. Dozens of bird-strikes happen each day but some can be more dangerous than others. Typically, when birds collide with an aircraft's airframe, it is unlikely to cause significant problems for the pilots flying. But there are instances when the aircraft engine ingests the birds. This can lead to a loss of thrust for the engine and cause manoeuvrability problems for the crew. In these cases, where a jet engine ingests a bird, procedures would generally call for pilots to land the plane at the closest airport. While most airframe bird strikes are not considered critical to air safety, if a collision cracks a window or a wind screen, pilots will look to land as early as possible.
(3)	How critical are bird strikes to air safety? Smaller planes would generally be more susceptible to the dangers of bird strikes than larger ones. However, given that bird strikes mostly happen during take-off and landing, these incidents could distract the pilots during what are highly critical phases of flights that demand the complete attention of the crew.
(4)	What causes bird-strikes? The presence of birds around an aircraft increases the chances of a bird strike. In the monsoon, as water puddles emerge on open grounds attracting insects to breed, the presence of birds increases. In some cases, bird hits also happen at higher altitudes when a plane is cruising. These are more dangerous than the low-altitude hits, given that they can cause rapid depressurization of cabins. Other reasons for bird activity around the airfield could be presence of landfills or waste disposal sites that can attract a large number of birds.

1. Does the following statement agree with the information given in paragraph 1? (1)
   When an airplane is hit by a bird or is suspected to have been hit, the passengers must be asked to get down at once.
   Select from the following:
   True: If the statement agrees with the information.
   False: If the statement contradicts the information.
   Not Given: If there is no information on this.
2. Select the option that displays the most likely reason for bird hits. (1)
   1. when the aircraft is overloaded
   2. at the time of landing or taking off
   3. when the crew become negligent
   4. when the passengers become panicky
3. Complete the sentence appropriately with one word. (1)
   Smaller planes are generally more ______ than larger ones.
4. Complete the sentence by selecting the most appropriate option: (1)
   When the window or the windscreen of the airplane is cracked due to a bird hit ______.
   1. the crew must rush to the cockpit
   2. the pilot must land at the earliest airport
   3. the pilot must inform the maintenance engineer
   4. the pilot must get instructions from the aviation wing on what should do in emergency
5. Based on the reading of the text, state a point to further the statement. (1)
   Dozens of bird hits take place every day ______.
   
   1. but only a few are dangerous
   2. all of them are fatal
   3. but after every bird hit it is imperative to land the aircraft
   4. the pilot should ignore them
6. Complete the sentence based on the following statement: (1)
   Complete attention of the crew is demanded during take-off and landing.
   We can say this because ______.
7. Complete the sentence appropriately with one/two words. (1)
   In cases where the aircraft engine infests the bird, it leads to the loss of thrust and causes problems in ______.
8. Which are the areas more prone to bird hits? (1)
9. Based on the reading of the text, state a point to challenge the given statement: (1)
   The area around air fields should be clear of any waste disposal sites.
10. Look at the graph. It shows that between 2016 and 2021, whereas air flights have come down, the bird-hits have gone up. This implies that the incidence of bird hits has: (1)
    1. decreased
    2. increased
    3. remained constant
    4. been alarming

Answer 1

1. False: If the statement contradicts the information.
2. at the time of landing or taking off
3. Smaller planes are generally more susceptible than larger ones.
4. When the window or the windscreen of the airplane is cracked due to a bird hit the pilot must land at the earliest airport.
5. Dozens of bird hits take place every day but only a few are dangerous.
6. We can say this because bird strikes typically occur during take-off and landing.
7. In cases where the aircraft engine infests the bird, it leads to the loss of thrust and causes problems in the manoeuvrability of the crew.
8. Open fields with puddles, as well as the existence of landfills and trash disposal sites, are more prone to bird strikes.
9. A high number of birds are drawn to the presence of landfills or trash disposal sites.
10. increased