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प्रश्न
Elaborate on state and non-state initiatives addressing caste and tribal discrimination.
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उत्तर
- The Indian state has had special programs for the Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes since even before Independence.
- Reservations involve the setting aside of some places or ‘seats’ for members of the Scheduled Castes and Tribes in different spheres of public life.
- Caste Disabilities Removal Act of 1850, which disallowed the curtailment of rights of citizens due solely to a change of religion or caste.
- 93rd Amendment is for introducing reservation for the Other Backward Classes in institutions of higher education.
- The Constitution abolished untouchability (Article 17) and introduced the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act of 1989.
- From the pre-Independence struggles and movements launched by people like Jyotiba Phule, Iyotheedas, Periyar, Ambedkar, and others to contemporary political organisations like the Bahujan Samaj Party in Uttar Pradesh or the Dalit Sangharsh Samiti of Karnataka, Dalit political assertion has come a long way.
- Dalits have also made significant contributions to literature in several Indian languages, especially Marathi, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, and Hindi.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
What is untouchability?
Describe some of the policies designed to address caste inequality.
What are the major issues of concern to Adivasis today?
The Jana or tribes are believed to be people of the ____________.
People do not face discrimination and exclusion on the basis of:
Caste system can be understood as the combination of two sets of principles:
Which of the statements is not true for the Khasi tribes?
Prolonged experience of discriminatory or insulting behaviour often produces a reaction on the part of the excluded who then stop trying for inclusion. In this context choose the incorrect statement.
| Strictly speaking, the ‘untouchable’ castes are outside the caste hierarchy – they are considered to be so ‘impure’ that their mere touch severely pollutes members of all other castes, bringing terrible punishment for the former and forcing the latter to perform elaborate purification rituals. In fact, notions of ‘distance pollution’ existed in many regions of India (particularly in the south) such that even the mere presence or the shadow of an ‘untouchable’ person is considered polluting. |
Despite the limited literal meaning of the word, the institution of ‘untouchability’ refers not just to the avoidance or prohibition of physical contact but to a much broader set of social sanctions. Which of the following is not such a sanction?
Which of the following is true regarding discrimination?
Prejudices are often grounded in what?
What is the mere presence or shadow of an untouchable person considered to be?
What are untouchable castes considered to be?
Social stratification persists over generations. The ascribed aspect of social inequality is reinforced by the practice of ______. That is, marriage is usually restricted to members of the same caste, ruling out the potential for blurring caste lines through inter-marriage.
The Jana were believed to be people of what?
What campaign did Ram Mohan Roy led in Bengal?
Untouchability is almost always associated with
Identify the process of adopting the culture traits or social patterns of another group by the tribal people.
Who was known as the Father of Indian Renaissance?
Which of the following features is not an element of the policy of Apartheid?
Using an example, describe adivasis internal colonialism.
The 1989 Prevention of Atrocities Act revised and strengthened the legal provisions punishing acts of violence or humiliation against Dalits and adivasis. Legislation on this subject was passed repeatedly.
Do you think state action alone can ensure social change? Give reasons for your answer.
