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प्रश्न
Elaborate on state and non-state initiatives addressing caste and tribal discrimination.
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उत्तर
- The Indian state has had special programs for the Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes since even before Independence.
- Reservations involve the setting aside of some places or ‘seats’ for members of the Scheduled Castes and Tribes in different spheres of public life.
- Caste Disabilities Removal Act of 1850, which disallowed the curtailment of rights of citizens due solely to a change of religion or caste.
- 93rd Amendment is for introducing reservation for the Other Backward Classes in institutions of higher education.
- The Constitution abolished untouchability (Article 17) and introduced the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act of 1989.
- From the pre-Independence struggles and movements launched by people like Jyotiba Phule, Iyotheedas, Periyar, Ambedkar, and others to contemporary political organisations like the Bahujan Samaj Party in Uttar Pradesh or the Dalit Sangharsh Samiti of Karnataka, Dalit political assertion has come a long way.
- Dalits have also made significant contributions to literature in several Indian languages, especially Marathi, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, and Hindi.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
What is the relationship between caste and economic inequality today?
What is untouchability?
How are the Other Backward Castes different from the Dalits (or Scheduled Castes)?
What are the major issues of concern to Adivasis today?
____________ was the founder of Satyashodak Samaj having its primary emphasis on “truth-seeking”.
The Jana or tribes are believed to be people of the ____________.
People do not face discrimination and exclusion on the basis of:
Caste system can be understood as the combination of two sets of principles:
Which of the statements is not true for the Khasi tribes?
Assertion: Ritually highest caste – the Brahmins were subordinated to the secular power of kings and rulers belonging to the Kshatriya castes.
Reason: In strict scriptural terms, Brahmins were not supposed to amass wealth.
| Strictly speaking, the ‘untouchable’ castes are outside the caste hierarchy – they are considered to be so ‘impure’ that their mere touch severely pollutes members of all other castes, bringing terrible punishment for the former and forcing the latter to perform elaborate purification rituals. In fact, notions of ‘distance pollution’ existed in many regions of India (particularly in the south) such that even the mere presence or the shadow of an ‘untouchable’ person is considered polluting. |
As per the understanding of distance pollution from the given passage, which of the following qualify as sources of distance pollution?
I. Mere presence
II. Shadow
III. Pollution associated with women during menstruation
IV. Ceremonial pollution associated with death
Assertions of tribal identity are on the rise. This can be laid at the door of the emergence of a middle class within the tribal society. With the emergence of this class, in particular, issues of culture, tradition, livelihood, even control over land and resources, as well as demands for a share in the benefits of the projects of modernity, have become an integral part of the articulation of identity among the tribes. There is, therefore, a new consciousness among tribes now, coming from its middle classes. The middle classes themselves are a consequence of modern education and modern occupations, aided in turn by the reservation policies.
Mark the statement as true or false. Tribes were a community which always had sharp divisions.
Prejudices are often grounded in what?
What are untouchable castes considered to be?
Who appointed a commission to look into measures for the welfare of the OBCs?
Social stratification persists over generations. The ascribed aspect of social inequality is reinforced by the practice of ______. That is, marriage is usually restricted to members of the same caste, ruling out the potential for blurring caste lines through inter-marriage.
What campaign did Ram Mohan Roy led in Bengal?
It means an opinion formed in advance of any familiarity with the subject before considering any available evidence.
Untouchability is almost always associated with
Identify the process of adopting the culture traits or social patterns of another group by the tribal people.
The All-India Muslim Ladies Conference (Anjuman-E-Khawatn-E-Islam) was founded in the year
Which of the following features is not an element of the policy of Apartheid?
The 1989 Prevention of Atrocities Act revised and strengthened the legal provisions punishing acts of violence or humiliation against Dalits and adivasis. Legislation on this subject was passed repeatedly.
Do you think state action alone can ensure social change? Give reasons for your answer.
