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प्रश्न
Discuss the various types of positive interactions between species.
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उत्तर
The interspecific interaction is of three types positive or beneficial, negative or antagonistic and last neutral interaction. Some positive interactions are scavenging, commensalism, protocooperation and mutualism.
Mutualism this interaction confers benefits on both the interacting species, e.g.,
- Lichens represent an intimate mutualistic relationship between a fungus and photosynthesising algae or cyanobacteria.
- The mycorrhizae are associations between fungi and the roots of higher plants. The fungi help the plant in the absorption of essential nutrients from the soil while the plant in turn provides the fungi with energy-yielding carbohydrates.
- Plants offer nectar, juicy and nutritious fruits to animals that help pollinate their flowers and disperse their seeds.
Commensalism This is the interaction in which one species benefits without affecting the other, e.g.,
- An orchid growing as an epiphyte on a mango branch.
- Barnacles growing on the back of a whale.
- The cattle egret goraging close to the cattle that stir up and flush out insects from the vegetation.
- Sea anemone that has stinging tentacles and the clown fish that lives among them to get protection from predators.
Scavenging is the act of feeding by scavengers like bacteria and fungi on the remain of dead animals.
Protocooperation is the type of relationship in which both partners mutually obtain benefits. But they associate purely to benefit from each other and can live without each other.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
During .............. typs of interaction, both organisms are benefited
- mutualism
- competition
- commensalism
- parasitism
Explain mutualism with the help of any two examples.
Define the following term:
Commensalism
Community is defined as ______.
What is ESS?
What is population interaction? Explain the interactions in Mutualism and Competition.
The interaction in nature, where one gets to benefit on the expense of other is _________.
Statement I: If one or two species are lost, it may not affect proper functioning of ecosystem.
Statement II: Loss of key species causes serious threat to functioning of ecosystem. Choose the correct alternative with reference to the above statements
______ interaction is the biological interaction between organisms of same population.
Substantiate by giving two reasons as to why a holistic understanding of the flora and fauna the cropland is required before introducing an appropriate biocontrol method.
Lianas are vascular plants rooted in the ground and maintain erectness of their stem by making use of other trees for support. They do not maintain direct relation with those trees. Discuss the type of association the lianas have with the trees.
Give one example for the following type.
Chemical defense agent
In an aquarium two herbivorous species of fish are living together and feeding on phytoplanktons. As per the Gause’s Principle, one of the species is to be eliminated in due course of time, but both are surviving well in the aquarium. Give possible reasons.
Give one example for the following:
A parasitic angiosperm
Sea Anemone gets attached to the surface of the hermit crab. The kind of population interaction exhibited in this case is ______.
The interaction between cattle egret and the buffalo is ______.
Between which among the following, the relationship is not an example of
?
A bird laying its egg in the nest of another bird is the type of ______.
Interaction between clown fish living among the stinging tentacles of sea anemone is an example of ______.
Statement I - Calotropis growing in abandoned fields is never consumed by cattle and goats.
Statement II - Calotropis produces highly poisonous cardiac glycosides.
In light of above statements, select the most appropriate answer from the option given below.
