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Quartiles and Range in Statistics

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CISCE: Class 10

Definition: Quartile

The observations which divide the whole set of observations into four equal parts are known as quartiles.

Before finding quartiles, the given data must always be arranged in ascending order of magnitude.

CISCE: Class 10

Definition: Range

The difference between the largest and smallest values in a data set is called the range.

Range = Largest value − Smallest value

CISCE: Class 10

Formula: Quartiles

Case I: When n is ODD

  • Lower Quartile, Q₁ = (n + 1) / 4 th term

  • Upper Quartile, Q₃ = 3(n + 1) / 4 th term

Case II: When n is EVEN

  • Lower Quartile, Q₁ = n / 4 th term

  • Upper Quartile, Q₃ = 3n / 4 th term

CISCE: Class 10

Formula: Range

Inter-quartile range:

The difference between the upper quartile (Q₃) and the lower quartile (Q₁) is called the inter-quartile range.

Inter-quartile range = Q₃ − Q₁

  • It is always positive, since Q₃ > Q₁.

Semi-interquartile range:

Half of the inter-quartile range is called the semi-interquartile range.

Semi-interquartile range = `1/2` (Q₃ − Q₁)

CISCE: Class 10

Key Points: Quartiles and Range in Statistics

Types of Quartiles

  1. Lower Quartile (Q₁)
    The observation lies midway between the lowest value and the median.

  2. Middle Quartile (Q₂)
    The median of the data.

  3. Upper Quartile (Q₃)
    The observation lies midway between the median and the highest value.

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