मराठी
CBSEEnglish Medium Class 10
प्रश्नपत्रिका१७९०
पाठ्यपुस्तक उत्तरे४१६६३
MCQ ऑनलाइन सराव परीक्षा१९
महत्वाचे प्रश्न आणि उत्तरे२०३९५
संकल्पना स्पष्टीकरण आणि व्हिडिओ१५४
टाइम टेबल१८
अभ्यासक्रम

Classification of Industries - Mineral-Based Industries

Advertisements

Topics

  • Development
    • Concept for Traditional Notion of Development
    • Concept for National Income and Percapita Income
    • Concept of Growth of National Income
    • Critical Appraisal of Existing Development Indicators (PCI, IMR, SR and Other Income and Health Indicators)
    • Need for Health and Educational Development
    • Human Development Indicators (Holistic Measure of Development)
  • India and the Contemporary World-I
  • History (India and the Contemporary World-II)
  • Resources and Development
  • Power Sharing
    • Concept for Power Shared in Democracies
    • Concept for Federal Division of Power in India Helped National Unity
    • Concept for Decentralisation - to What Extent Has Decentralisation Achieved this Objective
    • Democracy Accommodate Different Social Groups
  • Events and Processes
    • Growth of Nationalism in Europe After the 1830s.
    • Ideas of Giuseppe Mazzini
    • Characteristics of the Movements in Poland, Hungary,Italy, Germany and Greece
    • Factors Leading to Growth of Nationalism in Indo-china
    • French Colonialism in Indo-china
    • Phases of Struggle Against the French
    • The Ideas of Phan Chu Trinh
    • The Ideas Phan Boi Chau, Ho Chi Minh
    • Second World War and the Liberation Struggle.
    • America and the Vietnam War
    • Impact of First World War, Khilafat, Non- Cooperation
    • Differing Strands Within the Movement
    • The Limits of Civil Disobedience
    • The Sense of Collective Belonging
    • Salt Satyagraha
    • Movements of Peasants, Workers, Tribals.
  • Everyday Life, Culture and Politics
    • History of Print in Europe.
    • The Nineteenth Century
    • Relationship Between Print Culture, Public Debate and Politics
    • Emergence of the Novel as a Genre in the West
    • Relationship Between the Novel and Changes in Modern Society
    • Early Novels in Nineteenth Century India
    • Study of Two Or Three Major Writers
  • The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
    • Concept of the Pre-modern World
    • Nineteenth Century Global Economy, Colonialism
    • The Inter-war Economy
    • A World Economy Takes Shape
    • Proto-industrialization and Pace of Industrial Change
    • Life of Workers
    • Industrialization in the Colonies
    • Early Entrepreneurs and Workers
    • The Peculiarities of Industrial Growth
    • Market for Goods
    • Development of Modern Cities Due to Industrialization in London and Bombay
    • Housing and Land Reclamation
    • Social Changes in the Cities
    • Cities and the Challenge of the Environment
  • The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
    • Introduction to the Rise of Nationalism in Europe
    • The French Revolution and the Idea of the Nation
    • The Making of Nationalism in Europe
    • The Aristocracy and the New Middle Class
    • Liberal Nationalism stood for
    • A New Conservatism After 1815
    • The Revolutionaries
    • The Age of Revolutions: 1830 - 1848
    • The Romantic Imagination and National Feeling
    • Hunger, Hardship and Popular Revolt
    • 1848: The Revolution of the Liberals
    • Liberty and Equality for Women
    • The Making of Germany and Italy
    • Italy Unified
    • The Strange Case of Britain
    • Visualising the Nation
    • Nationalism and Imperialism
    • Overview of The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
  • Nationalism in India
    • Introduction to Nationalism in India
    • The First World War, Khilafat and Non-cooperation
    • The Idea of Satyagraha
    • The Rowlatt Act
    • Need for Non-Cooperation
    • Differing Strands Within the Movement
    • The Movement in the Towns
    • Rebellion in the Countryside
    • Swaraj in the Plantations
    • Towards Civil Disobedience
    • The Salt March and the Civil Disobedience Movement
    • How Participants Saw the Civil Disobedience Movement
    • The Limits of Civil Disobedience
    • The Sense of Collective Belonging
    • Quit India Movement and Conclusion
    • Overview of Nationalism in India
  • The Making of a Global World
    • Concept of the Pre-modern World
    • Silk Routes Link the World
    • Food Travels: Spaghetti and Potato
    • Conquest, Disease and Trade
    • The Nineteenth Century (1815 - 1914)
    • A World Economy Takes Shape
    • Role of Technology
    • Late Nineteenth-century Colonialism
    • Rinderpest, Or the Cattle Plague
    • Indentured Labour Migration from India
    • Indian Entrepreneurs Abroad
    • Indian Trade, Colonialism and the Global System
    • The Inter-war Economy
    • Wartime Transformations
    • Post-war Recovery
    • Rise of Mass Production and Consumption
    • The Great Depression
    • India and the Great Depression
    • Rebuilding a World Economy: The Post-war Era
    • Post-war Settlement and the Bretton Woods Institutions
    • The Early Post-war Years
    • Decolonisation and Independence
    • End of Bretton Woods and the Beginning of ‘Globalisation’
    • Overview of The Making of a Global World
  • The Age of Industrialisation
    • Introduction to the Age of Industrialisation
    • Before the Industrial Revolution
    • The Coming Up of the Factory
    • The Pace of Industrial Change
    • Hand Labour and Steam Power
    • Life of the Workers
    • Industrialisation in the Colonies
    • The Age of Indian Textiles
    • Condition of Weavers under British Rule
    • Manchester Comes to India
    • Factories Come up
    • The Early Entrepreneurs
    • Sources of Industrial Labour
    • The Peculiarities of Industrial Growth
    • Small-scale Industries Predominate
    • Market for Goods
    • Overview of The Age of Industrialisation
  • Print Culture and the Modern World
    • Introduction to Print Culture and the Modern World
    • The First Printed Books
    • Print in Japan
    • Print Comes to Europe
    • Gutenberg and the Printing Press
    • The Print Revolution and Its Impact
    • A New Reading Public
    • Religious Debates and the Fear of Print
    • Print and Dissent
    • The Reading Mania
    • Tremble, therefore, tyrants of the world
    • Print Culture and the French Revolution
    • The Nineteenth Century
    • India and the World of Print
    • Religious Reform and Public Debates
    • New Forms of Publication
    • Women and Print
    • Print and the Poor People
    • Print and Censorship
    • Overview of Print Culture and the Modern World
  • Forest and Wildlife Resources
    • Concept of Forest and Wildlife Resources
    • Flora and Fauna in India
    • Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India
  • Geography (Contemporary India-II)
  • Geography (Contemporary India-II)
  • Federalism
  • Sectors of the Indian Economy
    • Sectors of Economic Activities
    • Historical Change in Economic Sectors
    • Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors in India
    • Concept for Employment Generation
    • Division of Sectors as Organised and Unorganised
    • Protective Measures for Unorganised Sector Workers
  • Resources and Development
  • Forest and Wildlife Resources
  • Water Resources
  • Agriculture
  • Minerals and Energy Resources
    • Minerals
    • Mode of Occurrence of Minerals
    • Ferrous Minerals
    • Non-Ferrous Minerals
    • Non-Metallic Minerals
    • Conservation of Minerals
    • Energy Resources
    • Conventional Sources of Energy
    • Non-Conventional Sources of Energy
    • Conservation of Energy Resources
    • Overview of Minerals and Energy Resources
  • Manufacturing Industries
  • Lifelines of National Economy
  • Democracy and Diversity
    • A Story from Mexico Olympics
    • Differences, Similarities, Divisions
    • Politics of Social Divisions
  • Water Resources
  • Democracy and Diversity
    • Divisions Inherent to the Working of Democracy
    • Effect of Caste on Politics and of Politics on Caste
    • Gender Division Shaped Politics
    • Communal Divisions Affect Democracy
  • Democratic Politics 2
  • Political Science (Democratic Politics-II)
  • Money and Credit
    • Role of Money in an Economy
    • Formal and Informal Financial Institutions for Savings and Credit
    • Formal Institution - Nationalized Commercial Bank
    • Informal Institutions - Local Money Lenders, Landlords, Self Help Groups, Chit Funds and Private Finance Companies
  • Power-sharing
    • Belgium and Sri Lanka: A Comparative Study of Ethnic Diversity
    • Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka
    • Accommodation in Belgium
    • Importance of Power Sharing
    • Forms of Power-sharing
    • Overview of Power-Sharing
  • Federalism
  • Gender, Religion and Caste
    • Gender and Politics
    • Women’s Political Representation
    • Religion, Communalism and Politics
    • Caste and Politics
    • Social and Religious Diversity of India
    • Caste Inequality Today
    • Overview of Gender, Religion and Caste
  • Political Parties
    • Role of Political Parties in a Democracy
    • Number of Political Parties
    • Popular Participation in Political Parties
    • National Parties
    • State Parties
    • Challenges to Political Parties
    • Reforms in Political Parties
    • Overview of Political Parties
  • Outcomes of Democracy
    • Assessment of Democracy’s Outcomes
    • Accountable, Responsive and Legitimate Government
    • Economic Growth and Development
    • Reduction of Inequality and Poverty
    • Accommodation of Social Diversity
    • Dignity and Freedom of the Citizens
    • Overview of Outcomes of Democracy
  • Globalisation and the Indian Economy
    • Production Across Countries
    • Foreign Trade and Integration of Markets
    • Impact and Fair Globalization
  • Gender, Religion and Caste
  • Understanding Economic Development
  • Agriculture
    • Types of Farming
    • Concept for Major Crops
    • Concept for Crop Pattern
    • Technological and Institutional Reforms for Agriculture
    • Contribution of Agriculture to National Economy-employment and Output
  • Economics (Understanding Economic Development)
  • Development
    • Concept of Development
    • What Development Promises - Different People, Different Goals
    • Income and Other Goals
    • National Development
    • Comparison Between Different Countries Or States
    • Income and Other Criteria
    • Public Facilities
    • Sustainability of Development
    • Overview of Development
  • Sectors of the Indian Economy
    • Sectors of Economic Activities
    • Comparing the Three Sectors
    • Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors in India
    • Division of Sectors as Organised and Unorganised
    • Sectors in Terms of Ownership: Public and Private Sectors
    • Overview of Sectors of the Indian Economy
  • Money and Credit
  • Globalisation and the Indian Economy
  • Consumer Rights
  • Popular Struggles and Movements
    • Popular Struggles in Nepal and Bolivia
    • Movement for Democracy in Nepal
    • Bolivia’s Water War
    • Democracy and Popular Struggles
    • Mobilisation and Organisations
    • Pressure Groups and Movements
  • Consumer Rights
    • Consumer is Exploitation
    • Factors Causing Exploitation of Consumers
    • Rise of Consumer Awareness
    • How a Consumer Should Be in a Market
    • Role of Government in Consumer Protection
  • Data Filling
    • Data Filling
  • Popular Struggles and Movements
    • Concept of Popular Struggles and Movements
    • Mobilisation and Organisations
    • Pressure Groups and Movements
  • Minerals and Energy Resources
    • Classification of Minerals
    • Distribution of Minerals and Energy Resources
    • Use and Economic Importance of Minerals
    • Conservation of Minerals
    • Types of Power Resources - Conventional Sources
    • Types of Power Resources - Non-conventional Sources
    • Distribution and Utilization and Conservation of Power Resources
    • Conservation of Energy Resources
  • Manufacturing Industries
    • Types of Manufacturing Industries
    • Concept of Spatial Distribution
    • Contribution of Industry to National Economy
    • Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation
    • Measures to Control Degradation
  • Political Parties
    • Role Do Political Parties Play in Competition and Contestation
    • Major National and Regional Parties in India/ Types of Political Parties
  • Outcomes of Democracy
    • Democracy Be Judged and Outcomes
    • Concept for Outcomes Reasonably Expect of Democracies
    • Democracy in India and Expectations
    • Concep for Democracy Led to Development, Security and Dignity for the People
    • Sustains Democracy in India
  • Life Lines of National Economy
    • Importance of Means of Communication and Transportation
    • Concept for Trade and Tourism
  • Challenges to Democracy
    • Thinking About Challenges
    • Different Contexts, Different Challenges
    • Different Types of Challenges
    • Political Reforms
    • Redefining Democracy
  • Challenges to Democracy
    • Idea of Democracy Shrinking
    • Major Challenges to Democracy in India
    • Concept for Democracy Be Reformed and Deepened
    • Concept for Role Ordinary Citizen Play in Deepening Democracy
CISCE: Class 10

Key Points: Iron and Steel Industry

  • Iron and steel industry is a basic or key industry, as many industries like construction, railways, machinery, defence and engineering depend on it; its production shows a country’s economic growth.
  • The industry is mainly located in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and West Bengal due to the availability of raw materials like iron ore, coal, manganese and limestone.
  • Steel production involves three main stages—smelting of iron ore, purification by adding alloys, and casting/rolling into sheets, rods and other shapes.
  • Sponge iron (Direct Reduced Iron) is produced by reducing iron ore using carbon; India is one of the largest producers of sponge iron.
CISCE: Class 10

Key Points: Integrated steel plants and Mini Steel Plants

  • Steel in India is produced in two types of plants—Integrated steel plants and Mini steel plants.
  • Integrated steel plants carry out pig iron production, steel making and rolling under one roof.
  • Mini steel plants are smaller units using electric furnaces and scrap iron or sponge iron as raw material, and are mostly located near cities.
  • Advantages of mini steel plants include low cost of production, less pollution, lower capital investment and flexible location.
  • The main limitation of mini steel plants is their total dependence on electric power; major centres include Kanpur, Jaipur, Hyderabad, Delhi, Pune and Ranchi.
CISCE: Class 10

Key Points: Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO)

  • Tata Steel (formerly TISCO) was established in 1907 by Sir Jamshedji Tata at Jamshedpur (Jharkhand) and is the oldest and largest private sector steel plant in India.
  • The plant has an ideal location, with iron ore, coal, limestone and manganese available within a short distance from Jharkhand and Odisha.
  • Coal from Jharia and Bokaro, water from the Subarnarekha and Kharkai rivers, and power from the Damodar Valley Corporation support its operations.
  • It has good transport and market access, being well connected by rail and road and close to Kolkata port for export of steel products.
  • Tata Steel produces carbon steel, acid steel for railways, alloy steel, tin plates, rods, sheets and defence-grade steel.
CISCE: Class 10

Key Points: Bhilai Steel Plant(BSP)

  • Bhilai Steel Plant was set up in 1955 at Bhilai (Durg district, Chhattisgarh) with USSR collaboration and is a unit of SAIL.
  • It is India’s first and main producer of steel rails for the Indian Railways and one of the largest steel plants in the country.
  • The plant gets iron ore from Dalli–Rajhara, manganese from Balaghat, limestone from Nandini, and coal from Jharia, Bokaro and Korba.
  • Thermal power from Korba, water from the Tandula reservoir, and good rail transport on the Mumbai–Nagpur–Kolkata route support its functioning.
  • Its major products include heavy rails, structural beams, wire rods, billets, shipbuilding plates, and by-products like coal tar and ammonium sulphate.
CISCE: Class 10

Key Points: Rourkela Steel Plant (RSP)

  • Rourkela Steel Plant started production in 1959 with German collaboration (Krupps and Demag) and is the first public sector integrated steel plant in India under SAIL.
  • It is located at Rourkela in Sundargarh district, Odisha, near the confluence of the Sankha and Koel rivers, ensuring good water supply.
  • The plant gets iron ore from Sundargarh and Keonjhar, manganese from Barajamda, limestone from Birmitrapur, and coal from Jharia, Talcher and Korba.
  • Power from the Hirakud Project, water from the Mandira Dam and Mahanadi River, and location on the Kolkata–Nagpur rail line support its operations.
  • Major products include hot and cold rolled sheets, galvanised sheets, electrical (silicon) steel, and nitrogen by-products used in fertilizers.
CISCE: Class 10

Key Points: Vishakhapatnam Steel Plant

  • Visakhapatnam Steel Plant is the only shore-based, large integrated steel plant in India, located at Visakhapatnam port in Andhra Pradesh.
  • It is a modern and export-oriented plant, producing steel of international quality, exported to China and South-East Asia.
  • The plant gets iron ore from Bailadila (Chhattisgarh) and limestone, dolomite and manganese from Andhra Pradesh and Odisha.
  • Coal from the Damodar Valley, power from the Vizag Steel Plant Power Station, and water from the Kanithi Balancing Reservoir support its operations.
  • The plant produces liquid steel and saleable steel and employs labour mainly from Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Odisha.
CISCE: Class 10

Key Points: Petrochemical Industry

  • Petrochemicals are organic chemicals derived from petroleum, LPG, natural gas and coal and are usually located near oil refineries for raw materials like naphtha, ethylene and benzene.
  • This industry manufactures a wide range of products such as synthetic fibres, synthetic rubber, plastics, fertilizers, insecticides, paints, adhesives, drugs and pharmaceuticals.
  • Petrochemical products are widely used in domestic, industrial and agricultural sectors and often replace natural materials like jute, leather, steel and rubber (e.g., PVC pipes instead of steel pipes).
  • Advantages include low cost, mass production, stable supply of raw materials, and less dependence on agriculture, making products cheaper and easily available.
  • Major petrochemical centres in India include Vadodara (IPCL, PCL), Mumbai–Belapur (NOCIL), Chennai (Herdillia Chemicals), Bongaigaon (Assam), Hazira (Reliance) and Haldia (West Bengal).
CISCE: Class 10

Key Points: Electronics

  • The electronics industry in India began in the 1950s with radio manufacturing and has expanded into computers, defence, medical, communication, space and IT sectors.
  • It is a skill-intensive and fast-growing industry, mainly concentrated in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala, with Bengaluru as the ‘Electronic Capital of India’.
  • Major public sector units include ITI (Bengaluru) for telecom equipment, BEL (Bengaluru) for defence and radar systems, and ECIL (Hyderabad) for nuclear, medical and industrial electronics.
  • The electronics industry strongly supports space technology, with ISRO (Bengaluru), NRSA (Hyderabad) and Sriharikota playing key roles in satellite launches like INSAT, PSLV, GSLV and Chandrayaan missions.
  • India’s software and IT industry, centred in Bengaluru and Hyderabad, and growth of TV and audio equipment industries have made electronics a major contributor to exports and employment.
CISCE: Class 10

Key Points: Others

  • Software technology in India is mainly concentrated in Bengaluru and Hyderabad, with Bengaluru known as the “Silicon Valley of India.”
  • Major IT companies such as TCS, Infosys, Wipro and Oracle are located in Bengaluru, making it a leading software hub.
  • The software industry is a major foreign exchange earner due to BPO (Business Process Outsourcing) services.
  • The growth of the software industry in Bengaluru is due to world-class IT infrastructure, English-speaking skilled manpower, pleasant climate and international conferences.
  • Entertainment technology (audio and television) is centred in Mumbai, Pune, Chennai and Kolkata, while space technology is controlled by the Union Government through ISRO (Bengaluru) and NRSA (Hyderabad).

Related concepts

  • Classification of Industries - Agro-Based Industries
Advertisements
Share
Notifications

Englishहिंदीमराठी
Login
Create free account


      Forgot password?
Course
Use app×