Please select a subject first
Advertisements
Advertisements
Substitution in formal writing
Look at this piece of formal writing
The Deputy Commissioner and the Commissioner of Police were the Chief Guest and the Guest of Honour respectively. The former delivered the key note address and the latter gave away the prizes to the winners.
- Complete the following table using information from the text above.
The Deputy Commissioner= the Chief Guest
The Commissioner of Police = ___________
The former = _____________
The latter = ____________
- Study the use of the words underlined in the text.
a. Why are they used?
______________________
b. Why do you think they are not commonly used in spoken English?
______________________
- Rewrite the following texts. Use the former, the latter, and respectively to avoid repetition.
1. Anand likes History and Joel likes Mathematics. It is interesting to note that Anand is the son of a Mathematics teacher while Joel's father is a teacher of History.
_________________________
___________________________
2. Seema, the monitor of class IX and Ramesh, the monitor of class X were asked to meet the Principal before they went home.
____________________
Concept: undefined >> undefined
Combine the following sentence by nominalising the first verb.
Trees were ___________ along road sides . This made the surroundings look greener. Planting of trees along the road sides made the surroundings look greener.
Concept: undefined >> undefined
Advertisements
Combine the following sentence by nominalising the first verb.
The bomb exploded. This shattered the window panes.
The window panes were shattered due to ----------
Concept: undefined >> undefined
Combine the following sentence by nominalising the first verb.
The committee must approve our plan. We cannot launch our project till then.
We _______ till we get the _______ o.f the committee for our
plan.
Concept: undefined >> undefined
Combine the following sentences by nominalising the first verb.
There has been a rise in crime rate in the last two years. The police are very concerned.
The police _____________ about the _______________ years .
Concept: undefined >> undefined
Combine the following sentences by nominalising the first verb.
Thousands of people participated in the charity walk .This helped Cancer Aid
Society to raise funds for treatment of cancer patients. _______________ helped Cancer Aid Society raise funds for treatment of cancer patients.
Concept: undefined >> undefined
| • The Bunsen burner broke last week. So we ordered a new one. (One= Bunsen burner) • He eats a lot less than he once did. (Did=ate) • The mother asked the daughter to tidy her room and she did so. (Did so=tidied her bed room) • A: I don't think it'll rain tomorrow. B: I hope not (N ot=that it will not rain tomorrow) • There are a number of books in the library. You should use some of these. (These= books) • Unconventional sources of energy are becoming popular. Such sources help us to preserve our environment. (Such= unconventional sources of energy) • 'Who ate all the rice?' 'I did.' (Did= ate all the rice) • Govind was delighted with the exam results. So was Gafur. (So=delighted with the exam results) |
Use any of the above types of substitution to improve the following
sentences.
1.Flendian Whalers killed more minkes in 2010 than they killed in 2000.
_______________________________
2. The fishermen were condemned for catching so many small fish. They said they caught so many small fish because they had to earn a living.
________________________________
3. The light racquet was ineffective but the heavy racquet was difficult to handle.
________________________________
4. The rains are very unpredictable in Shillong. We were advised to come
prepared for rainy weather conditions.
________________________________
5. Mr. Chopra entertained the guests very well. Mrs. Chopra also entertained the guests very well.
________________________________
6. What is lying outside in the garden? It's one of the two umbrellas we bought yesterday. Didn't you see the umbrella in the lobby?
________________________________
7. A: "lwon'tstayawayfromschool tomorrow."
B: "I should hope you will not stay away from school tomorrow."
________________________________
Concept: undefined >> undefined
Combine the following sentences by nominalising the first verb.
The number of young people consuming drugs is growing .This has become an
issue of social concern. ______________ by a growing ---------- concern.
Concept: undefined >> undefined
Combine the following sentences by nominalising the first verb.
The eye witness described the accident scene vividly. This helped the police
find the culprit. The vivid -------------------------
Concept: undefined >> undefined
Combine the following sentences by nominalising the first verb.
Vinod presented his project very effectively. He was able to bag the multimillion dollar order. Vinod 1s effective ___________ helped him _____ _
Concept: undefined >> undefined
Combine the following sentences by nominalising the first verb.
Mandela had spearheaded the fight against apartheid. He was jailed for
this. Mandela was jailed for __________________
Concept: undefined >> undefined
Combine the following sentences by nominalising the first verb.
He committed a series of crimes. He was given severe punishment.
He was _________________________
Concept: undefined >> undefined
Sometimes we can avoid repetition by omitting certain words and phrases. Which words or phrases have been left out in the following examples? Is the meaning in all of them clear in spite of the omission?
| Oil is not found in the north but copper is. is = is found in the north |
What has been omitted in the following sentences?
1. A: Did she find out who had stolen her purse?"
B: "No, she didn't." didn't = ________________________
2. You takemybookand l'll takelndu's when she gets back.
Indu's= ----------------------~
3. Ifl don't get it to you tomorrow, I'll send it the day after.
Thedayafter=-------------------~
4. Firstly, add four grams, then another four, then another four until the mixture has solidified. Another four/ another= _________________ _
5. There were a number of graduates who were earning more than I was.
was=-----------------------~
6. I think we need coaching more than they do.
do= ________________________ _
7. A: "I can tellyou what I know."
B: "Youneedn't. I'mnotaskingyou to."
needn't = __________________
to = _____________________
8. A: "Do you visit the doctor regularly?"
B: "No, I can1tafford to.11
to = ____________________
Concept: undefined >> undefined
Read the following ex.tract from a Newspaper.
RECOVERY OF ANCIENT SHIP
|
RECOVERY OF ANCIENT SHIP An ancient ship, over 500 years old, has been recovered off the coast of |
Given below are some extracts from Newspapers. Underline the most
important verb. Then use the noun form of that verb to create a headline,
as shown above.
1. Four more new escalators have been installed in the new Mall. People are very
happy.
_______________________
2. The outstanding contribution to Indian film making by Ranjit Say was
recognized tonight by the Bombay Film Institute.
_______________________
3. The Government has decided to set up a night safari at Noida. This will make
this city very popular as more and more tourists
________________________
4. His lost brother suddenly appeared after five years. This solved one of the
greatest mysteries.
_________________________
5. Professors are protesting pay cuts at the university. Students suffer as
professors stay
___________________________
Concept: undefined >> undefined
Complete the following conversation between two sisters with suitable substitute words.
Mitali: Did you buy the dress you had seen in the shop?
Chetali: No, I ______________
Mitali : But why? You liked_________, didn't you?
Chetali : I had second thoughts about it. Well, I thought I would wear one of _________ instead. You have so many of them in your wardrobe.
Mitali : I _______but_______ are all designer dresses unlike the cheap stuff you wear and I am not going to let you touch __________ of them. Do you understand?
Chetali: That's not fair!
Mitali: It _______ . Everyone should wear their own dresses. So you'd better go and buy
that dress before someone else _________.
Concept: undefined >> undefined
Fill in the blanks with the noun forms of the verbs given in brackets.
Hema: Recently I read an article about the _____ (improve) taking place in
the health services.
Neena: When people get proper health care, it is bound to increase their life
___ (expect).
Hema: Of course doctors have to show greater ____ (dedicate} to their profession, particularly by (bestow) greater ___________(attend) on the rural areas.
Neena: I agree. But, at the same time the government should also make adequate ___ (provide) for decent living conditions for the doctors serving in
villages.
Hema: Besides sending doctors to rural areas, steps should be taken for the_________ (supply) of standard drugs to primary health centres._____ (contaminate) of intravenous fluids and even vaccines due to non __________(available) of _____________(refrigerate) facilities continues to
pose a severe threat to people.
Neena: Besides health, we should also address the needs of people in ___________
(educate) and ___________(employ). Only then can we achieve substantial
_____ (develop) of the human resource.
Now write five sentences about the jobs you like doing or do not like doing.
1. _________________________
2. _________________________
3. _________________________
4. _________________________
Concept: undefined >> undefined
(A) Match the sentences in A and B and write them together in the spaces below.
| A | B |
| 1. Both Ajay and Sahir are good players. | a. Few reach their destination. |
| 2. Thousands of baby turtles set out on the longjourney. | b. Either would be suitable as a captain. |
| 3. Some like to eat fish raw. | c. Those who do have to study hard. |
| 4. No one knows who did it. | d. Others prefer it cooked. |
| 5. Not many people get to university. | e. It could be anyone. |
- ______________________
- ______________________
- ______________________
- ______________________
- ______________________
(B) Now underline the substitution word in each of the sentences written above and decide what each of the words refers to.
| Substitution Word | What does it refer to? |
| 1. | |
| 2. | |
| 3. | |
| 4. | |
| 5. |
Concept: undefined >> undefined
Combine the following pair of sentence by changing the adjective to a
noun.
1. He was honest. The Principal commended him at the assembly.
_____________________________________________________________________
Concept: undefined >> undefined
Combine the following pair of sentence by changing the adjective to a
noun.
2. Rajesh is a very amiable person. It has endeared him to his colleagues.
________________________________________________________________________
Concept: undefined >> undefined
Combine the following pair of sentence by changing the adjective to a
noun.
3. The actor was famous. It got him many endorsements.
Concept: undefined >> undefined
