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What are Average product?
Concept: Law of Variable Proportions
What is marginal product?
Concept: Law of Variable Proportions
With the help of a suitable diagram, discuss the relationship between Average product and Marginal Product.
Concept: Law of Variable Proportions
Which stage of the Law of Variable proportions will be the best for the producer? Explain with a reason.
Concept: Law of Variable Proportions
Give one difference between accounting cost and opportunity cost.
Concept: Opportunity Cost
Explain how a producer can maximize profit by using MR and MC curves.
Concept: Opportunity Cost
From the following data, calculate GNPMP and NNPFC by Expenditure Method.
| ₹ (in crore) | |
| (i) Mixed income of self-employed | 450 crores |
| (ii) Compensation of employees | 550 crores |
| (iii) Private final consumption expenditure | 1000 crores |
| (iv) Net factor income from abroad | (−)20 crores |
| (v) Net indirect taxes | 150 crores |
| (vi) Consumption of fixed capital | 170 crores |
| (vii) Net domestic capital formation | 380 crores |
| (viii) Net exports | (−)30 crores |
| (ix) Profits | 400 crores |
| (x) Rent | 150 crores |
| (xi) Interest | 200 crores |
| (xii) Government final consumption expenditure | 550 crores |
Concept: Methods of Measurement of National Income >> Expenditure Method
Explain the steps involved in calculating the National income by Income method.
Concept: Methods of Measurement of National Income >> Income Method
Per capita income is not considered a good indicator of economic welfare. Explain this statement by giving two reasons.
Concept: Per Capita Income
Calculate GDPmp and NNPfc by Value Added method from the following data.
| PARTICULARS | (₹crores) | |
| (i) | Net value added at factor cost in the Primary sector | 6000 |
| (ii) | Net value added at factor cost in the Secondary sector | 4000 |
| (iii) | Net value added at factor cost in the Tertiary sector | 4500 |
| (iv) | Net Factor Income from Abroad | (-) 50 |
| (v) | Net Indirect taxes | 150 |
| (vi) | Intermediate consumption | 2500 |
| (vii) | Depreciation | 500 |
Concept: National Income Aggregates >> Net National Product (NNP)
State whether the following items will be included in the estimation of National Income or not: Give a reason for your answer.
Government expenditure on street lighting.
Concept: Methods of Measurement of National Income >> Expenditure Method
Calculate GNPMP and NNPFc from the following data by Expenditure Method.
| PARTICULARS | (₹ crores) | |
| (i) | Mixed income of self employed | 550 |
| (ii) | Private Final Consumption Expenditure | 1100 |
| (iii) | Net factor income from abroad | (-)120 |
| (iv) | Net indirect taxes | 250 |
| (v) | Consumption of fixed capital | 270 |
| (vi) | Net domestic capital formation | 480 |
| (vii) | Net exports | (-)130 |
| (viii) | Interest | 300 |
| (ix) | Government Final Consumption Expenditure | 650 |
Concept: National Income Aggregates >> Net National Product (NNP)
Calculate National Income using Income method and Output method.
| PARTICULARS | (₹ crores) | |
| (i) | Value of output | 1200 |
| (ii) | Wages and salaries | 165 |
| (iii) | Rent | 60 |
| (iv) | Subsidies | 15 |
| (v) | Mixed Income of self employed | 180 |
| (vi) | Employer's contribution to social security | 15 |
| (vii) | Value of intermediate consumption | 600 |
| (viii) | Interest | 7 |
| (ix) | Factor income earned from abroad | 15 |
| (x) | Indirect taxes | 90 |
| (xi) | Profits | 23 |
| (xii) | Depreciation | 75 |
| (xiii) | Factor income paid abroad | 30 |
Concept: Methods of Measurement of National Income >> Income Method
With reference to the diagram shown above, select the reason for the movement from point M to N from the following options.
Concept: Methods of Measurement of National Income >> Income Method
Calculate GDPmp and NNPfc from the following data:
| Items | ₹ (in Crore) | |
| (i) | Wages & salaries | 170 |
| (ii) | Rent | 10 |
| (iii) | Interest | 20 |
| (iv) | Profits | 25 |
| (v) | Dividend | 12 |
| (vi) | Royalty | 5 |
| (vii) | Employer’s contribution to social security | 30 |
| (viii) | Net factor income from abroad | (-) 3 |
| (ix) | Consumption of fixed capital | 34 |
| (x) | Net indirect tax | 38 |
Concept: National Income Aggregates >> Net National Product (NNP)
Explain the different components of Final Expenditure in calculating the National income by Expenditure method.
Concept: Methods of Measurement of National Income >> Expenditure Method
