- Urbanisation in India is measured by the percentage of the urban population to the total population.
- India's urbanisation level was 31.16% in 2011, which is low compared to developed countries.
- Urban growth is driven by expanding cities and the development of new towns.
- Southern states like Goa, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, and Kerala are more urbanised than northern states.
- India has a long history of urbanisation, with ancient cities like Harappa, Varanasi, and Indraprastha.
Key Points
Key Points: Settlement Patterns in India
- Settlement patterns in India vary due to climate, water availability, land slope, and development.
- Nucleated settlements are found in fertile areas like the Narmada Valley, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh.
- These areas support agriculture, especially paddy farming.
- Dispersed settlements occur in tribal regions, eastern and southern Rajasthan, and the Himalayas.
- These regions have uneven land and low soil fertility, leading to scattered homes.
Key Points: Settlement Patterns in India
- Coastal Brazil has nucleated settlements due to good transport, fertile soil, and resources.
- Sao Paulo is a key nucleated settlement with rich soil and minerals.
- The Amazon Basin has dispersed settlements due to dense forests and poor transport.
- Northeast Highlands have sparse settlements because of droughts.
- Central Brazil is less settled due to the unhealthy climate and limited resource use.
Key Points: Urbanisation in India
Key Points: Urbanisation in Brazil
- Around 86% of Brazil’s population lives in urban areas, making it a highly urbanised developing country.
- Urbanisation in Brazil is mainly concentrated in the South and South-East, especially in Sao Paulo.
- The government promotes the "Go West" policy to reduce regional imbalance and population pressure.
- Coastal states have higher urbanisation than interior states; Sao Paulo, Goias, and Minas Gerais are more urban.
- Urbanisation is low in the Amazon Basin and the Brazilian Highlands, except in cities such as Manaus.
Important Questions [5]
- The concentration of settlements is related to ______ major factors.
- Give a geographical reason for the following: Settlements are sparse in North-eastern Brazil.
- Give geographical reason. In Brazil, majority of population is found in the eastern coastal areas.
- Give geographical reasons. Settlements are sparse in north-eastern Brazil.
- With the help of given statistical data Prepare a simple bar graph and answer the following questions : Percentage of Urban Population-Brazil(1960 to 2010) 1990 ?
