Definitions [8]
Define the following term:
Water of crystallization
It is the fixed amount of water that is present in a crystal as an integral part of its constitution. Hydrated salts are salts having water of crystallisation.
Salt is a compound formed by the partial or total replacement of the ionisable hydrogen atoms of an acid by a metallic ion or an ammonium ion.
Define the following term:
Hygroscopy
It is the phenomenon by which substances absorb moisture from air, but only sufficiently so as to become wet.
Define the following term:
Efflorescence
It is the phenomenon by which hydrated salts, on exposure to dry air, lose their water of crystallization and crumble to powder.
Define an acid salt.
The salt formed by the partial replacement of the replacable hydrogen atoms of an acid molecule by a metallic or ammonium ion is called acid salts.
For example: NaHSO4 , Na2HPO4
Define normal salt.
Normal salts are the salts formed by the complete replacement of the ionizable hydrogen atoms of an acid by a metallic or ammonium ion.
For example: Sodium chloride (NaCl), Na2SO4.
Define the following term:
Neutralisation
It is the process by which H+ ions of an acid react completely with water the [OH-] ions of a base to give salt and water only.
For example : \[\ce{2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O}\]
Neutralisation is the process by which H+ ions of an acid react completely with the [OH-] ions of a base to give salt and water only.
Key Points
- Normal salts – All hydrogen ions of the acid are replaced (e.g., NaCl, Na₂SO₄).
- Acid salts – Formed when only some hydrogen ions are replaced (e.g., NaHSO₄).
- Basic salts – Formed when only some OH⁻ ions are replaced (e.g., Pb(OH)Cl).
- Double salts – Made by combining two salts that crystallise together (e.g., Mohr’s salt).
- Mixed & Complex salts –
• Mixed: Have more than one acid/base radical (e.g., NaKCO₃)
• Complex: Give a complex ion on dissociation (e.g., [Ag(CN)₂]⁻)
Important Questions [32]
- Identify the Substance Underlined a Solid Formed by Reaction of Two Gases, One of Which is Acidic and the Other Basic in Nature
- State What Would You Observe When Washing Soda Crystals Are Exposed to the Atmosphere
- From the List of the Following Salts Choose the Salt that Most Appropriately Fits the Description Given in the Following: on Heating, this Salt Gives a Yellow Residue When Hot and White When Cold
- From the List of the Following Salts Choose the Salt that Most Appropriately Fits the Description Given in the Following: on Heating this Salt, a Brown Colored Gas is Evolved.
- The Property by Which Certain Hydrated Salts, When Left Exposed to the Atmosphere, Lose Their Water of Crystallization and Crumble into Powder
- Write a Balanced Chemical Equation for Action of Dilute Hydrochloric Acid on Magnesium Sulphite.
- State One Relevant Observation for the Following: Anhydrous Calcium Chloride is Exposed to Air for Some Time.
- The salt prepared by the method of direct combination is _______.
- Write a Balanced Equation for the Preparation of the Following Salts: Copper Sulphate from Copper Carbonate.
- Write a Balanced Equation for the Preparation of the Following Salts: Zinc Carbonate from Zinc Sulphate
- State One Observation for Each of the Following : Lead Nitric is Heated Strongly in a Test Tube.
- The Ph Values of Three Solutions A, B and C Are Given in the Table. Answer the Folloiwng Questions: Which Solution Will Have No Effect on Litmus Solution?
- The Ph Values of Three Solutions A, B and C Are Given in the Table. Answer the Folloiwng Questions: Solution Ph Value A 12 B 2 C 7
- Name the Particles Present in : Strong Electrolyte
- The Salt Solution Which Does Not React with Ammonium Hydroxide is :
- State the terms/process for the following: A type of salt formed by partial replacement of hydroxyl radicals with an acid radical.
- Give Balanced Chemical Equations to Prepare the Following Salts Lead Sulphate from Lead Carbonate
- The acid which does not form acid salt by a basic radical.
- State What Would You Observe When The Salt Ferric Chloride is Exposed to the Atmosphere
- Define normal salt.
- Write a Balanced Chemical Equation for the Preparation of the Following Salts Copper Carbonate
- Match the salts underlined in Column A with the most suitable method of preparation given in Column B. Column A (a) ZnCl2 from Zn (b) KNO3 from KOH. (c) CaCO3 from CaCl2.
- Distinguish Between the Given Pairs of Compounds Using the Test Given Within Brackets: a Lead Salt and a Zinc Salt (Using Excess Ammonium Hydroxide)
- Write a Balanced Chemical Equation for the Following: Preparation of Methane from Iodomethane.
- (I) Lead Chloride Precipitation (Ii) Iron (Ii) Sulphate Substitution (Iii) Sodium Nitrate Neutralization (Iv) Iron (Iii) Chloride Direct Combination
- Name the kind of particles present in carbonic acid.
- Choose the Correct Answer from the Options Given Below : an Electrolyte Which Completely Dissociates into Ions Are :
- Identify the Anion Present in the Following Compounds: a Salt D on Treatment with Dilute Sulphuric Acid Produces a Gas Which Turns Lime Water Milky but Has No Effect on Acidified Potassium Dichromate Solution
- Identify the Anion Present in the Following Compounds: When Barium Chloride Solution is Added to Salt Solution E a White Precipitate Insoluble in Dilute Hydrochloric Acid is Obtained.
- From the List of the Following Salts Choose the Salt that Most Appropriately Fits the Description Given in the Following: an Insoluble Chloride.
- Draw the structure of the stable positive ion formed when an acid dissolves in water.
- Give balanced chemical equation to prepare the following salt: Copper chloride using copper carbonate
