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प्रश्न
Write short notes based upon the information known to you.
Darwin’s theory of natural selection
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उत्तर
- Darwin is famous for the theory which he published in the book titled 'Origin of Species'.
- Darwin’s theory of natural selection is based on the concept of survival of the fittest.
- Organisms can reproduce prolifically.
- Under limited resources, organisms compete with each other in a life-threatening manner for their survival.
- According to this theory, only those organisms survive which show modifications for winning the competition. The selected organisms then give rise to new species with their specific set of characters.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Objection to Darwin's theory of natural selection.
Explain the phenomenon that is well represented by Darwin's finches other than natural selection.
Briefly discuss the Theory of Natural Selection as given by Darwin.
Given alongside are two figures (A and B) showing a phenomenon that was first observed in Manchester before and after the year 1850.
Answer the following:
- What name has been given to this phenomenon?
- Give the common name and the scientific name of the insect involved in this phenomenon.
- Briefly mention why the changes shown in the two figures appeared.
- The following phenomenon provides a classical explanation of a scientific theory given by a certain scientist.
- Name and explain the said theory.
- Give the name of the scientist who gave this theory.
State Darwin’s theory of evolution.
List any three drawbacks of Darwinism.
Answer the following question.
How did Charles Darwin express 'fitness'?
In which book Darwin had published his theory of Natural selection?
Identify the two organisms which are now extinct and are studied from their fossils.
The more characteristics two species have in common ______
Species occurring in the different geographical areas are called as ______.
Match List - I with List - II.
| List - I | List II | ||
| (a) | Adaptive radiation | (i) | Selection of resistant varieties due to excessive use of herbicides and pesticides |
| (b) | Convergent evolution | (ii) | Bones of forelimbs in Man and Whale |
| (c) | Divergent evolution | (iii) | Wings of Butterfly and Bird |
| (d) | Evolution by anthropo- genic action | (iv) | Darwin Finches |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Nature has a way of causing organisms that inherit advantageous traits to survive and reproduce more successfully than the ones that do not. This process is known as ______.
The selective agent that was responsible for causing the change in peppered moth was ______.
Industrial melanism was highlighted by ______.
Define the following term:
Speciation
Differentiate between Lamarck's Theory and Darwin's Theory.
Define the following term:
Natural selection
Match the name of the scientist in Column I with the name of the theory in Column II.
| Column (I) | Column (II) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| i. | August Weisman | a. | Theory of origin of species |
| ii. | Hugo de Vries | b. | Theory of chemical evolution |
| iii. | Charles Darwin | c. | Theory of continuity of germplasm |
| iv. | Oparin Haldane | d. | Mutation theory |
Choose the correct option.
