हिंदी

The following table shows the production of gasoline in U.S.A. for the years 1962 to 1976. Year 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976

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प्रश्न

The following table shows the production of gasoline in U.S.A. for the years 1962 to 1976.

Year 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
Production
(million barrels)
0 0 1 1 2 3 4 5
Year 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976  
Production
(million barrels)
6 7 8 9 8 9 10  
  1. Obtain trend values for the above data using 5-yearly moving averages.
  2. Plot the original time series and trend values obtained above on the same graph.

The following table shows the production of gasoline in U.S.A. for the years 1962 to 1976: 

Year Production (Million Barrels)
1962 0
1963 0
1964 1
1965 1
1966 2
1967 3
1968 4
1969 5
1970 6
1971 7
1972 8
1973 9
1974 8
1975 9
1976 10

Obtain trend values for the above using 5-yearly moving averages:

आलेख
योग
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उत्तर

a. We construct the following table to obtain 5-yearly moving average:

Year
‘t’
Production
(millions of barrels)
yt
5-yearly
moving total
5-yearly
moving
averages
(Trend
value)
1962 0
1963 0
1964 1 4 0.8
1965 1 7 1.4
1966 2 11 2.2
1967 3 15 3.0
1968 4 20 4.0
1969 5 25 5.0
1970 6 30 6.0
1971 7 35 7.0
1972 8 38 7.6
1973 9 41 8.2
1974 8 44 8.8
1975 9
1976 10

b. Taking the year on the X-axis and the production trend on the Y-axis, we plot the points for production corresponding to years to get the graph of the time series and plot the point for trend values corresponding to years to get the graph of the trend as shown below:

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Notes

Students should refer to the answer according to their questions.

Measurement of Secular Trend
  क्या इस प्रश्न या उत्तर में कोई त्रुटि है?
अध्याय 2.4: Time Series - Q.4

संबंधित प्रश्न

Fit a trend line to the data in Problem 4 above by the method of least squares. Also, obtain the trend value for the index of industrial production for the year 1987.


Fit a trend line to the data in Problem 7 by the method of least squares. Also, obtain the trend value for the year 1990.


Obtain the trend values for the above data using 3-yearly moving averages.


Choose the correct alternative :

We can use regression line for past data to forecast future data. We then use the line which_______.


Choose the correct alternative :

Which of the following is a major problem for forecasting, especially when using the method of least squares?


Choose the correct alternative :

What is a disadvantage of the graphical method of determining a trend line?


The simplest method of measuring trend of time series is ______.


State whether the following is True or False :

Graphical method of finding trend is very complicated and involves several calculations.


State whether the following is True or False :

Least squares method of finding trend is very simple and does not involve any calculations.


State whether the following is True or False :

All the three methods of measuring trend will always give the same results.


Solve the following problem :

The following table shows the production of pig-iron and ferro- alloys (‘000 metric tonnes)

Year 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982
Production 0 4 9 9 8 5 4 8 10

Fit a trend line to the above data by graphical method.


Solve the following problem :

Fit a trend line to data in Problem 4 by the method of least squares.


Solve the following problem :

The percentage of girls’ enrollment in total enrollment for years 1960-2005 is shown in the following table.

Year 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Percentage 0 3 3 4 4 5 6 8 8 10

Fit a trend line to the above data by graphical method.


Following data shows the number of boxes of cereal sold in years 1977 to 1984.

Year 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
No. of boxes in ten thousand 1 0 3 8 10 4 5 8

Fit a trend line to the above data by graphical method.


Obtain trend values for data in Problem 19 using 3-yearly moving averages.


Solve the following problem :

Following tables shows the wheat yield (‘000 tonnes) in India for years 1959 to 1968.

Year 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
Yield 0 1 2 3 1 0 4 1 2 10

Fit a trend line to the above data by the method of least squares.


Choose the correct alternative:

Moving averages are useful in identifying ______.


The complicated but efficient method of measuring trend of time series is ______


The simplest method of measuring trend of time series is ______


The method of measuring trend of time series using only averages is ______


State whether the following statement is True or False:

The secular trend component of time series represents irregular variations


Following table shows the amount of sugar production (in lac tons) for the years 1971 to 1982

Year 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Production 1 0 1 2 3 2
Year 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982
Production 4 6 5 1 4 10

Fit a trend line by the method of least squares


Complete the table using 4 yearly moving average method.

Year Production 4 yearly
moving
total
4 yearly
centered
total
4 yearly centered
moving average
(trend values)
2006 19  
    `square`    
2007 20   `square`
    72    
2008 17   142 17.75
    70    
2009 16   `square` 17
    `square`    
2010 17   133 `square`
    67    
2011 16   `square` `square`
    `square`    
2012 18   140 17.5
    72    
2013 17   147 18.375
    75    
2014 21  
       
2015 19  

Obtain the trend values for the following data using 5 yearly moving averages:

Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Production
xi
10 15 20 25 30
Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Production
xi
35 40 45 50 55

Fit a trend line to the following data by the method of least square :

Year 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
IMR 10 7 5 4 3 1 0

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