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प्रश्न
Study the following case/situation and express your opinion:
The Articles of a company stated that while borrowing any money from outsiders. The document must have the signatures of the Managing Director (MD) and any one of the directors. The Articles of Association clearly stated the procedure to be followed while borrowing money. The Managing Director did not follow all the procedures but still borrowed money from Mr. X. Mr. X assumed that the MD has followed the required procedures:
(a) Can the MD be held punishable for his act?
(b) Under which Doctrine can Mr. X take action against the company?
(c) Explain the Doctrine.
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उत्तर
(a) The Managing Director (MD) can be held punishable for this act.
(b) Under the doctrine of indoor management, Mr. X can take action against the company.
(c) The doctrine of indoor management specifies that persons (third parties) entering into a contract with the company are not found to inquire or know whether the company or it's MD or officers have properly followed the internal proceedings as stated in the Articles or not. As per the doctrine of indoor management, it is assumed that the company or it's MD or Officer acts as per Memorandum and Articles of Association. This doctrine protects the interest of the outsiders when they are unaware of the correctness of the internal proceedings of the company.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
______ describes the relationship between company and outsiders.
Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute the following statement:
Document which states the limits within which a company has to operate.
Write a word or a term or a phrase that can substitute the following statement:
The document is subordinate to the Memorandum of Association.
Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute the following statement:
Term used for acts beyond the scope of Memorandum of Association.
Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute the following statement:
Document which establishes relationship between a company and its members.
Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute the following statement:
Document issued by public company inviting public to subscribe to its shares.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Memorandum establishes the relationship between the Company and Members.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Articles of Association is subordinate to Memorandum.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Every subscriber who signs the Memorandum must also sign the Articles.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Entrenched Articles cannot be easily altered.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Prospectus can be issued by a private company.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Prospectus must be issued within 1 year from the date of tiling it with the ROC.
Complete the sentence.
The document issued by a company to invite investors to buy its securities is called as _________
Select the correct option from the given options:
| Group A | Group B |
| ___________ | Memorandum of association. |
Explain the following term/concept.
Name clause
Explain the following term/concept.
Liability clauses
Study the following case/situation and express your opinion.
Mr. A entered into a contract with Star Limited company and as advance payment gave a cheque of ₹ 1 lac to a Director Mr. Sam. Mr. Sam is not the Managing Director. Articles state that only the MD is authorized to sign any contracts or receive any payments on behalf of the company.
- Did Mr. Sam have the authority to accept the cheque? Why?
- Can Mr. Sam’s action be called as Ultra Vires? Why?
Study the following case/situation and express your opinion:
The object clause of Memorandum of a company stated the main object as the manufacturing of plastic chairs and tables and any other activity in furtherance of achievement of its main activity. The Board of Directors wants to now also produce TV. Serials and feels that the shareholders may give their permission.
a) Can the company with immediate effect start producing TV? Serials? Why?
b) How can the object clause of the company be altered?
Distinguish between the following:
Memorandum of association and articles of association.
