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प्रश्न
Study the following case/situation and express your opinion:
The Articles of a company stated that while borrowing any money from outsiders. The document must have the signatures of the Managing Director (MD) and any one of the directors. The Articles of Association clearly stated the procedure to be followed while borrowing money. The Managing Director did not follow all the procedures but still borrowed money from Mr. X. Mr. X assumed that the MD has followed the required procedures:
(a) Can the MD be held punishable for his act?
(b) Under which Doctrine can Mr. X take action against the company?
(c) Explain the Doctrine.
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उत्तर
(a) The Managing Director (MD) can be held punishable for this act.
(b) Under the doctrine of indoor management, Mr. X can take action against the company.
(c) The doctrine of indoor management specifies that persons (third parties) entering into a contract with the company are not found to inquire or know whether the company or it's MD or officers have properly followed the internal proceedings as stated in the Articles or not. As per the doctrine of indoor management, it is assumed that the company or it's MD or Officer acts as per Memorandum and Articles of Association. This doctrine protects the interest of the outsiders when they are unaware of the correctness of the internal proceedings of the company.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Select the correct answer from the option given below and rewrite the sentence.
Any act done by the company beyond the powers of Memorandum is called as _______.
Select the correct answer from the option given below and rewrite the sentence.
_________ clause contains the details of liability of the members.
Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute the following statement:
Document which states the limits within which a company has to operate.
Write a word or a term or a phrase that can substitute the following statement:
The document is subordinate to the Memorandum of Association.
Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute the following statement:
Document which contains rules and regulations for internal management.
Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute the following statement:
Term used for acts beyond the scope of Memorandum of Association.
Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute the following statement:
Clause which gives details of authorized capital or Registered Capital.
Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute the following statement:
Prospectus attached with every share application form.
Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute the following statement:
Prospectus used for multiple issue of shares within a year.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Articles of Association can have provisions that contradict the Memorandum.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Only public companies can issue Prospectus.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Actions can be taken against a company or its officers for misstatements in prospectus.
Find the odd one.
Complete the sentence.
The documents which state the aims and objectives of a company is called as_________
Select the correct option from the given options:
| Group A | Group B |
| Incomplete prospectus | ___________ |
Explain the following term/concept.
Liability clauses
Study the following case/situation and express your opinion.
Mr. A entered into a contract with Star Limited company and as advance payment gave a cheque of ₹ 1 lac to a Director Mr. Sam. Mr. Sam is not the Managing Director. Articles state that only the MD is authorized to sign any contracts or receive any payments on behalf of the company.
- Did Mr. Sam have the authority to accept the cheque? Why?
- Can Mr. Sam’s action be called as Ultra Vires? Why?
