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प्रश्न
Explain the following term/concept.
Liability clauses
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उत्तर
As per Section 13 (2) of the Companies Act, 1956, the liability clause of the Memorandum of Association of a company limited by shares states that the liability of its shareholders is limited to the face value of shares purchased by them. It means the shareholders are liable to pay the unpaid amount on their shares. In the initial stages, the company may make the liability of the Directors unlimited, if it is agreed by the Directors. This is to create confidence in the minds of the investors. An unlimited company does not have this clause in the Memorandum of Association. In the case of a company limited by guarantee, this clause states that the liability of its members is limited to the amount of the guarantee given by them. The amount payable by each member in the case of the winding-up of the company is mentioned in this clause.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
______ describes the relationship between company and outsiders.
Select the correct answer from the option given below and rewrite the sentence.
The ______ Clause describes the range of activities a company can undertake
Select the correct answer from the option given below and rewrite the sentence.
_______ is an invitation to the public to subscribe for the shares of the Company.
Match the pairs:
| Group ‘A’ | Group ‘B’ |
| a) Capital clause | 1. Details of capital structure of a company |
| b) Liability clause | 2. Used for multiple issue of shares |
| c) Acts beyond the powers of Memorandum | 3. Abridged Prospectus |
| d) Red Herring Prospectus | 4. Describes main objectives |
| e) Shelf Prospectus | 5. Used for Rights Issue |
| 6. Incomplete Prospectus | |
| 7. Ultra Vires | |
| 8. Doctrine of Indoor management | |
| 9. Extent of liability of members | |
| 10. Articles of Association |
Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute the following statement:
Primary document of a company which states aims and objectives of a company.
Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute the following statement:
Document which contains, Name Clause, Registered Office Clause, Capital Clause, etc.
Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute the following statement:
It is an incomplete prospectus.
Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute the following statement:
This prospectus does not contain information about the quantum of shares to be issued or the price at which shares will be issued.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Memorandum of Association describes the nature and character of the company.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Any act done by the company beyond the powers of Memorandum is Ultra Vires.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Memorandum need not have a Liability Clause.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Every company has to issue shelf prospectus every time it offers shares to the public.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Red Herring prospectus does not contain details of the price at which shares will be sold by the company.
Complete the sentence.
The document issued by a company to invite investors to buy its securities is called as _________
Select the correct option from the given options:
| Group A | Group B |
| ___________ | Memorandum of association. |
Select the correct option from the given options:
| Group A | Group B |
| Liability clause | ___________ |
Select the correct option from the given options:
| Group A | Group B |
| Incomplete prospectus | ___________ |
Explain the following term/concept.
objective clause
Study the following case/situation and express your opinion:
A public limited company has issued all the shares mentioned in its Memorandum as Authorized Capital. Now the Company wants to make a public issue of 10,000 shares at face value of Rs 100 per share, to raise more funds for its expansion activities :
(a) Which clause of Memorandum needs to be altered?
(b) In which meeting the alteration can be approved?
(c) Which document should the company issue to invite the public to buy its shares?
Study the following case/situation and express your opinion:
A company stated in its prospectus that it has been making profits since the last 5 years. However, Mr. X. an investor found out that two years back the company had not made any profit. The prospectus was filed with the ROC on 1 st Jan 2017 and was issued to the public on 10th Feb 2018.
a) Can Mr. X state that there was a misstatement in the prospectus?
b) If found guilty which two types of liability will the company and its officers face?
c) Can the prospectus be valid for issue to the public on 10th Feb 2018?
