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प्रश्न
Distinguish between the following:
Memorandum of association and articles of association.
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उत्तर
Sr. No. |
Memorandum of association |
articles of association : |
|
1 |
Memorandum of Association is the primary, fundamental, and the main document of the company which lays down its constitution and defines its objects and the scope of its activities. |
The Articles of Association is a secondary, subsidiary, and subordinate document of the company which lays down the rules and regulations for the internal management of the company. |
|
2 |
It is the basic, fundamental, primary, and supreme document of the company. It is a life-giving document. |
It is a secondary and subordinate document. It is subordinate to the Memorandum of Association. |
|
3 |
It defines the sc0pe of the activities of the company, its objects, and their limits or the area beyond Which the activities of the company cannot go. It fixes the area of its operation. |
It lays down the rules for carrying out the objects of the company. The rules are meant for the internal management of the company within the area defined by the Memorandum. |
|
4 |
It defines the relationship of the company with the outsiders, e.g. buyers, sellers, creditors, debtors, etc. |
It defines the relationship between the company and members and also between members. It has nothing to do with the outsiders. |
|
5 |
Every company irrespective of its types, nature and size must prepare and file its own memorandum. No company under the Companies Act can be registered Without the Memorandum of Association. |
Every company must prepare and file its own articles. However, a public company may adopt table A of the Companies Act, 1956, as its articles. |
|
6 |
The procedure for the amendment or alteration Is very difficult. It requires an ordinary or special resolution, sanction by the Central Government or the Company Law Board or the Court. |
The procedure for alteration is relatively simple. The Articles can be altered subject to the Companies Act and general law provided the alterations are intra Vires the Memorandum and they are in the interest of the company as a whole. |
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Select the correct answer from the option given below and rewrite the sentence.
The ______ Clause describes the range of activities a company can undertake
Select the correct answer from the option given below and rewrite the sentence.
_________ clause states the amount of Authorised capital with which the company is registered.
Select the correct answer from the option given below and rewrite the sentence.
_______ is an invitation to the public to subscribe for the shares of the Company.
Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute the following statement:
Document issued by public company inviting public to subscribe to its shares.
Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute the following statement:
Prospectus attached with every share application form.
Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute the following statement:
It is an incomplete prospectus.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association is prepared at the time of incorporation of a company.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Memorandum of Association describes the nature and character of the company.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Memorandum establishes the relationship between the Company and Members.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Every subscriber who signs the Memorandum must also sign the Articles.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Only public companies can issue Prospectus.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Prospectus must be issued within 1 year from the date of tiling it with the ROC.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Letter of offer is issued at the time of Rights Issue.
Select the correct option from the given options:
| Group A | Group B |
| Incomplete prospectus | ___________ |
Select the correct option from the given options:
| Group A | Group B |
| ___________ | Establishes relation between company and its member |
Study the following case/situation and express your opinion:
The Articles of a company stated that while borrowing any money from outsiders. The document must have the signatures of the Managing Director (MD) and any one of the directors. The Articles of Association clearly stated the procedure to be followed while borrowing money. The Managing Director did not follow all the procedures but still borrowed money from Mr. X. Mr. X assumed that the MD has followed the required procedures:
(a) Can the MD be held punishable for his act?
(b) Under which Doctrine can Mr. X take action against the company?
(c) Explain the Doctrine.
Study the following case/situation and express your opinion:
The object clause of Memorandum of a company stated the main object as the manufacturing of plastic chairs and tables and any other activity in furtherance of achievement of its main activity. The Board of Directors wants to now also produce TV. Serials and feels that the shareholders may give their permission.
a) Can the company with immediate effect start producing TV? Serials? Why?
b) How can the object clause of the company be altered?
Study the following case/situation and express your opinion:
A company stated in its prospectus that it has been making profits since the last 5 years. However, Mr. X. an investor found out that two years back the company had not made any profit. The prospectus was filed with the ROC on 1 st Jan 2017 and was issued to the public on 10th Feb 2018.
a) Can Mr. X state that there was a misstatement in the prospectus?
b) If found guilty which two types of liability will the company and its officers face?
c) Can the prospectus be valid for issue to the public on 10th Feb 2018?
