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प्रश्न
Distinguish between the following:
Memorandum of association and articles of association.
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उत्तर
Sr. No. |
Memorandum of association |
articles of association : |
|
1 |
Memorandum of Association is the primary, fundamental, and the main document of the company which lays down its constitution and defines its objects and the scope of its activities. |
The Articles of Association is a secondary, subsidiary, and subordinate document of the company which lays down the rules and regulations for the internal management of the company. |
|
2 |
It is the basic, fundamental, primary, and supreme document of the company. It is a life-giving document. |
It is a secondary and subordinate document. It is subordinate to the Memorandum of Association. |
|
3 |
It defines the sc0pe of the activities of the company, its objects, and their limits or the area beyond Which the activities of the company cannot go. It fixes the area of its operation. |
It lays down the rules for carrying out the objects of the company. The rules are meant for the internal management of the company within the area defined by the Memorandum. |
|
4 |
It defines the relationship of the company with the outsiders, e.g. buyers, sellers, creditors, debtors, etc. |
It defines the relationship between the company and members and also between members. It has nothing to do with the outsiders. |
|
5 |
Every company irrespective of its types, nature and size must prepare and file its own memorandum. No company under the Companies Act can be registered Without the Memorandum of Association. |
Every company must prepare and file its own articles. However, a public company may adopt table A of the Companies Act, 1956, as its articles. |
|
6 |
The procedure for the amendment or alteration Is very difficult. It requires an ordinary or special resolution, sanction by the Central Government or the Company Law Board or the Court. |
The procedure for alteration is relatively simple. The Articles can be altered subject to the Companies Act and general law provided the alterations are intra Vires the Memorandum and they are in the interest of the company as a whole. |
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Select the correct answer from the option given below and rewrite the sentence.
_________ acts are void or legally ineffective.
Select the correct answer from the option given below and rewrite the sentence.
Articles establishes relationship between company and ________.
Select the correct answer from the option given below and rewrite the sentence.
_______ is an invitation to the public to subscribe for the shares of the Company.
Select the correct answer from the option given below and rewrite the sentence.
For making multiple issues of shares within a year, a company can prepare a ________ Prospectus.
Match the pairs:
| Group ‘A’ | Group ‘B’ |
| a) Capital clause | 1. Details of capital structure of a company |
| b) Liability clause | 2. Used for multiple issue of shares |
| c) Acts beyond the powers of Memorandum | 3. Abridged Prospectus |
| d) Red Herring Prospectus | 4. Describes main objectives |
| e) Shelf Prospectus | 5. Used for Rights Issue |
| 6. Incomplete Prospectus | |
| 7. Ultra Vires | |
| 8. Doctrine of Indoor management | |
| 9. Extent of liability of members | |
| 10. Articles of Association |
Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute the following statement:
Document which establishes relationship between a company and its members.
Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute the following statement:
Prospectus used for multiple issue of shares within a year.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Memorandum need not have a Liability Clause.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Prospectus can be issued by a private company.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Prospectus must be issued within 1 year from the date of tiling it with the ROC.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Red Herring prospectus does not contain details of the price at which shares will be sold by the company.
Complete the sentence.
The document issued by a company to invite investors to buy its securities is called as _________
Select the correct option from the given options:
| Group A | Group B |
| ___________ | Memorandum of association. |
Select the correct option from the given options:
| Group A | Group B |
| Incomplete prospectus | ___________ |
Select the correct option from the given options:
| Group A | Group B |
| ___________ | Establishes relation between company and its member |
Arrange in proper order.
a) Subscription clause.
b) Name clause.
c) Object clause.
Study the following case/situation and express your opinion:
A company stated in its prospectus that it has been making profits since the last 5 years. However, Mr. X. an investor found out that two years back the company had not made any profit. The prospectus was filed with the ROC on 1 st Jan 2017 and was issued to the public on 10th Feb 2018.
a) Can Mr. X state that there was a misstatement in the prospectus?
b) If found guilty which two types of liability will the company and its officers face?
c) Can the prospectus be valid for issue to the public on 10th Feb 2018?
Study the following case/situation and express your opinion:
A Company plans to offer Rights Issue.
a) Which document must it send to its shareholders for offering the Rights Issue?
b) Instead of Rights Issue, if the company wants to issue shares to the public, which document must it issue for inviting the public to subscribe for it?
c) Name the document which is called as incomplete prospectus.
Justify the following statement.
The doctrine of Indoor Management protects outsiders who are unaware of the correctness of internal proceedings of a company.
