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प्रश्न
It is observed in an experiment on the photoelectric effect that an increase in the intensity of the incident radiation does not change the maximum kinetic energy of the electrons. Where does the extra energy of the incident radiation go? Is it lost? State your answer with explanatory reasoning.
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उत्तर
Electrons are emitted when electromagnetic radiation with a frequency greater than the threshold frequency is incident on a metal surface. It has been noticed that not every incident photon is capable of realising an electron. In fact, the number of electrons emitted per second is far less than the number of photons incident per second. Photons that are ineffective in the liberation of electrons are reflected (or scattered) or absorbed, causing the temperature of the metal surface to rise. The maximum kinetic energy of a photoelectron is determined by the frequency of incident radiation and the metal's threshold frequency. It has nothing to do with the intensity of the incident radiation. As the intensity increases, so does the number of electrons emitted per second.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Using the values of work function given in the following table, tell which metal will require the highest frequency of incident radiation to generate photocurrent.
Typical values of work function for some common metals
| Metal | Work function (in eV) |
| Potassium | 2.3 |
| Sodium | 2.4 |
| Calcium | 2.9 |
| Zinc | 3.6 |
| Silver | 4.3 |
| Aluminium | 4.3 |
| Tungsten | 4.5 |
| Copper | 4.7 |
| Nickel | 5.0 |
| Gold | 5.1 |
The threshold wavelength of tungsten is 2.76 x 10-5 cm.
(a) Explain why no photoelectrons are emitted when the wavelength is more than 2.76 x 10-5 cm.
(b) What will be the maximum kinetic energy of electrons ejected in each of the following cases
(i) if ultraviolet radiation of wavelength λ = 1.80 × 10-5 cm and
(ii) radiation of frequency 4 x 1015 Hz is made incident on the tungsten surface?
Define photoelectric effect.
Draw a neat labelled diagram of a schematic of the experimental setup for the photoelectric effect.
What is the photoelectric effect? Define stopping potential and photoelectric work function.
State Einstein’s photoelectric equation. Explain all characteristics of the photoelectric effect, on the basis of Einstein’s photoelectric equation.
The kinetic energy of the most energetic photoelectron emitted from a metal surface is doubled when the wavelength of the incident radiation is reduced from λ1 to λ2. The work function of the metal is ______
When a photon enters glass from air, which one of the following quantity does not change?
When light falls on a metal surface, the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons depends upon ______
For photoelectric emission from certain metal, the cut-off frequency is v. If radiation of frequency 2v impinges on the metal plate, the maximum possible velocity of the emitted electron will be (m is the electron mass) ____________.
The work function of a metal is 1.6 x 10-19 J. When the metal surface is illuminated by the light of wavelength 6400 Å, then the maximum kinetic energy of emitted photo-electrons will be (Planck's constant h = 6.4 x 10-34 Js) ____________.
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Threshold wavelength for lithium metal is 6250 Å. For photoemission, the wavelength of the incident light must be ______.
The threshold frequency for a certain photosensitive metal is v0. When it is illuminated by light of frequency v = 2v0, the maximum velocity of photoelectrons is v0. What will be the maximum velocity of the photoelectrons when the same metal is illuminated by light of frequency
v = 5v0?
Following graphs show the variation of stopping potential corresponding to the frequency of incident radiation (F) for a given metal. The correct variation is shown in graph (v0 = Threshold frequency).
The photon of frequency vis incident on a metal surface whose threshold frequency is v0. The kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons will be ______.
An electromagnetic wave of wavelength '`lambda`' is incident on a photosensitive surface of negligible work function. If the photoelectrons emitted from this surface have the de-Broglie wavelength '`lambda_1`' then ____________.
A light of frequency 'v' is incident on the metal surface whose threshold frequency is 'v0'. If v = v0, then [c = speed of light in medium] ____________.
In experiment of photoelectric effect, the stopping potential for incident yellow light of wavelength 5890 Å is 4 volt. If the yellow light is replaced by blue light of wavelength 4000 Å, the stopping potential is ____________.
When the work function of a metal increases, maximum kinetic energy of emitted photoelectrons ____________.
The radiation corresponding to the 3 → 2 transition of a hydrogen atom falls on a gold surface to generate photoelectrons. These electrons are passed through a magnetic field of 5 × 10-4 T. Assume that the radius of the largest circular path followed by these electrons is 7 mm, and the work function of the metal is ______.
(Mass of electron = 9.1 × 10-31 kg)
When radiation of wavelength λ is used to illuminate a metallic surface, the stopping potential is V. When the same surface is illuminated with radiation of wavelength 3λ, the stopping potential is `"V"/4`. If the threshold wavelength for the metallic surface is nλ. then value of n will be ______.
The wavelength of light incident on a metal surface is reduced from 300 nm to 200 nm (both are less than threshold wavelength). What is the change in the stopping potential for photoelectrons emitted from the surface will be ______ V. (Take h = 6.6 × 10-34 J-s)
We wish to observe an object which is 2.5Å in size. The minimum energy photon that can be used ______.
Two radiations of photons energies 1 eV and 2.5 eV, successively illuminate a photosensitive metallic surface of work function 0.5 eV. The ratio of the maximum speeds of the emitted electrons is ______.
In a photocell, frequency of incident radiation is increased by keeping other factors constant (v > v0), the stopping potential ______.
Explain the formation of clouds at high altitude.
In a photoelectric experiment, the stopping potential is 1.5V. What is the maximum kinetic energy of a photoelectron?
