हिंदी
कर्नाटक बोर्ड पी.यू.सी.पीयूसी विज्ञान 2nd PUC Class 12

In the series Sc (Z = 21) to Zn (Z = 30), the enthalpy of atomization of zinc is the lowest, i.e., 126 kJ mol−1. Why? - Chemistry

Advertisements
Advertisements

प्रश्न

In the series Sc (Z = 21) to Zn (Z = 30), the enthalpy of atomization of zinc is the lowest, i.e., 126 kJ mol−1. Why?

लघु उत्तरीय
Advertisements

उत्तर

The electrons of the 3d orbitals of zinc are not used in bonding, whereas the electrons of the d orbitals of all the remaining metals of the 3d series are used in forming bonds. Hence the value of the atomization enthalpy of zinc is the lowest in the series.

shaalaa.com
  क्या इस प्रश्न या उत्तर में कोई त्रुटि है?
अध्याय 4: The d-block and f-block Elements - Intext Question [पृष्ठ ९५]

APPEARS IN

एनसीईआरटी Chemistry Part 1 and 2 [English] Class 12
अध्याय 4 The d-block and f-block Elements
Intext Question | Q 4.2 | पृष्ठ ९५

संबंधित प्रश्न

Account for the following:

E° value for the Mn3+/Mn2+ couple is much more positive than that for Cr3+/Cr2+.


The `E_((M^(2+)//M))^Θ` value for copper is positive (+0.34 V). What is possibly the reason for this? (Hint: consider its high ΔaHΘ and low ΔhydHΘ)


Why are Mn2+ compounds more stable than Fe2+ towards oxidation to their +3 state?


How would you account for the following:

Cobalt (II) is stable in aqueous solutions, but in the presence of complexing reagents, it is easily oxidised.


Which one of the following ions is coloured?


How is potassium dichromate prepared from chrome iron ore?


Which is the most stable oxidation state of iron?


Why does copper not replace hydrogen from acids?


Ionisation enthalpies of Ce, Pr and Nd are higher than Th, Pa and U. Why?


A solution of \[\ce{KMnO4}\] on reduction yields either a colourless solution or a brown precipitate or a green solution depending on pH of the solution. What different stages of the reduction do these represent and how are they carried out?


Match the catalysts given in Column I with the processes given in Column II.

Column I (Catalyst) Column II (Process)
(i) \[\ce{Ni}\] in the presence of hydrogen (a) Zieglar Natta catalyst
(ii) \[\ce{Cu2C12}\] (b) Contact process
(iii) \[\ce{V2O5}\] (c) Vegetable oil to ghee
(iv) Finely divided iron (d) Sandmeyer reaction
(v) \[\ce{TiCl4 + Al (CH3)3}\] (e) Haber's Process
  (f) Decomposition of KCIO3

Mention the type of compounds formed when small atoms like H, C and N get trapped inside the crystal lattice of transition metals. Also give physical and chemical characteristics of these compounds.


Transition metals can act as catalysts because these can change their oxidation state. How does \[\ce{Fe(III)}\] catalyse the reaction between iodide and persulphate ions?


Read the passage given below and answer the following question.

Are there nuclear reactions going on in our bodies?

There are nuclear reactions constantly occurring in our bodies, but there are very few of them compared to the chemical reactions, and they do not affect our bodies much. All of the physical processes that take place to keep a human body running are chemical processes. Nuclear reactions can lead to chemical damage, which the body may notice and try to fix. The nuclear reaction occurring in our bodies is radioactive decay. This is the change of a less stable nucleus to a more stable nucleus. Every atom has either a stable nucleus or an unstable nucleus, depending on how big it is and on the ratio of protons to neutrons. The ratio of neutrons to protons in a stable nucleus is thus around 1 : 1 for small nuclei (Z < 20). Nuclei with too many neutrons, too few neutrons, or that are simply too big are unstable. They eventually transform to a stable form through radioactive decay. Wherever there are atoms with unstable nuclei (radioactive atoms), there are nuclear reactions occurring naturally. The interesting thing is that there are small amounts of radioactive atoms everywhere: in your chair, in the ground, in the food you eat, and yes, in your body.

The most common natural radioactive isotopes in humans are carbon-14 and potassium-40. Chemically, these isotopes behave exactly like stable carbon and potassium. For this reason, the body uses carbon-14 and potassium-40 just like it does normal carbon and potassium; building them into the different parts of the cells, without knowing that they are radioactive. In time, carbon-14 atoms decay to stable nitrogen atoms and potassium-40 atoms decay to stable calcium atoms. Chemicals in the body that relied on having a carbon-14 atom or potassium-40 atom in a certain spot will suddenly have a nitrogen or calcium atom. Such a change damages the chemical. Normally, such changes are so rare, that the body can repair the damage or filter away the damaged chemicals.

The natural occurrence of carbon-14 decay in the body is the core principle behind carbon dating. As long as a person is alive and still eating, every carbon-14 atom that decays into a nitrogen atom is replaced on average with a new carbon-14 atom. But once a person dies, he stops replacing the decaying carbon-14 atoms. Slowly the carbon-14 atoms decay to nitrogen without being replaced, so that there is less and less carbon-14 in a dead body. The rate at which carbon-14 decays is constant and follows first order kinetics. It has a half-life of nearly 6000 years, so by measuring the relative amount of carbon-14 in a bone, archeologists can calculate when the person died. All living organisms consume carbon, so carbon dating can be used to date any living organism, and any object made from a living organism. Bones, wood, leather, and even paper can be accurately dated, as long as they first existed within the last 60,000 years. This is all because of the fact that nuclear reactions naturally occur in living organisms.

Why is Carbon-14 radioactive while Carbon-12 not? (Atomic number of Carbon: 6)


Agcl is soluble in NH4OH. The solubility is due to the information of:-


Give reasons for the following statement:

Zn, Cd, and Hg are soft metals.


Account for the following:

Sc3+ is colourless whereas Ti3+ is coloured in an aqueous solution.


Which of the following ions has the electronic configuration 3d6?
(Atomic number: Mn = 25, Co = 27, Ni = 28)


What is the oxidation state of chromium in chromate ion and dichromate ion?


Account for the following:

Zirconium (Zr) and Hafnium (Hf) are difficult to separate.


Share
Notifications

Englishहिंदीमराठी


      Forgot password?
Use app×