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प्रश्न
Give the general characteristics of organic compounds.
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उत्तर
All organic compounds have the following characteristic properties.
- They are covalent compounds of carbon and generally insoluble in water and readily soluble in organic solvent such as benzene, toluene, ether, chloroform etc…
- Many of the organic compounds are inflammable (except CCl4). They possess low boiling and melting points due to their covalent nature.
- Organic compounds are characterized by functional groups. A functional group is an atom or a specific combination of bonded atoms that react in a characteristic way, irrespective of the organic molecule in which it is present. In almost all cases, the reaction of an organic compound takes place at the functional group. They exhibit isomerism which is a unique phenomenon.
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\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.................}\\
|\phantom{....................}\\
\ce{CH3 - C - CH - CH2 - CH2 - CH3}\\
|\phantom{....}|\phantom{................}\\
\ce{CH3}\ce{CH3}\phantom{..............}
\end{array}\]
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\[\ce{HCONHCH3}\]
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\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.................}\\
|\phantom{....................}\\
\ce{CH3 - C - CH - CH2 - CH2 - CH3}\\
|\phantom{....}|\phantom{................}\\
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.}\ce{CH3}\phantom{..............}\\
\end{array}\]
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\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.................}\\
|\phantom{....................}\\
\ce{CH3 - C - CH - CH2 - CH2 - CH3}\\
|\phantom{.....}|\phantom{................}\\
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.}\ce{CH3}\phantom{..............}
\end{array}\]
