Advertisements
Advertisements
प्रश्न
Explain with reasons and diagrams, the positive and negative deviations from Raoult’s law shown by nonideal solutions.
Advertisements
उत्तर
- Positive deviation from Raoult’s law:
The solutions in which solute-solvent intermolecular attractions are weaker than those between solute-solute molecules and solvent-solvent molecules, exhibit positive deviations. The vapour pressures of such solutions are higher than those of pure components as shown in the diagram.
e.g. The solutions of ethanol + acetone, carbon disulphide + acetone show positive deviations from Raoult’s law.
Positive derivations from Raoult's law - Negative deviation from Raoult’s law:
The solutions in which the interactions between solvents and solute molecules are stronger than solute-solute or solvent-solvent interactions, exhibit negative deviations. The vapour pressures of such solutions are lower than those of pure components as shown in the diagram.
e.g. Solutions of phenol + aniline, chloroform + acetone exhibit negative deviations from Raoult’s law.
Negative derivations from Raoult's law
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
Choose the most correct option.
Vapour pressure of a solution is _______.
State Raoult’s law for the solutions of non-volatile solutes in volatile solvents.
Answer the following.
Using Raoult’s law, how will you show that ΔP = `"P"_1^0 "x"_2`? Where, x2 is the mole fraction of solute in the solution and `"P"_1^0` vapour pressure of pure solvent.
Fish generally needs O2 concentration in water at least 3.8 mg/L for survival. What partial pressure of O2 above the water is needed for the survival of fish? Given the solubility of O2 in water at 0 °C and 1 atm-1 partial pressure is 2.2 × 10-3 atm mol/L.
The vapour pressure of water at 20°C is 17 mm Hg. What is the vapour pressure of solution containing 2.8 g urea in 50 g of water?
What is enthalpy change and volume change of mixing of two components forming an ideal solution?
The vapour pressures of pure liquids A and B are 0.600 bar and 0.933 bar respectively, at a certain temperature.
What is the mole fraction of liquid B in the solution when the total vapour pressure of their mixture is 0.8 bar?
Distinguish between ideal and non-ideal solutions.
With the help of vapour pressure-temperature curves for solution and solvent, explain why boiling point of solvent is elevated when a nonvolatile solute is dissolved into it.
What are non-ideal solutions?
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
Which of the following metals is refined by vapour phase refining in Mond process?
5.0 g of sodium hydroxide (molar mass 40 g mol-1) is dissolved in little quantity of water and the solution is diluted upto 100 mL. What is the molarity of the resulting solution?
A solution of acetone in ethanol ______.
18 g of glucose (C6H12O6) is added to 178.2 g of water. The vapour pressure of water for this aqueous solution at l00°C is ______.
For an ideal binary liquid solution with `"p"_"A"^circ > "P"_"B"^circ`, which is a relation between XA (mole fraction of A in liquid phase) and YA (mole fraction of A in vapour phase) is correct, XB and YB are mole fractions of B in liquid and vapour phase respectively?
Total vapour pressure of a mixture of 1 mole A`("p"_"A"^circ = 150 " torr")` and 2 mole B`("p"_"B"^circ = 240 " torr")` is 200 mm. In this case, ______.
The vapour pressures of two liquids A and B are 80 mmHg and 60 mm Hg respectively at 25°C. What is the vapour pressure of the solution obtained by mixing 3 moles of A and 2 moles of B?
A solution having highest vapour pressure is ______.
Write the relationship between mole fraction of solvent and vapour pressure of solution.
A mixture of two liquids A and B have vapour pressures 3.4 × 104 Mn-2 and 5.2 × 104 Nm-2. If the mole fraction of A is 0.85, find the vapour pressure of the solution.
The solutions that obey Raoult's law over entire range of concentrations are ______.
Which one of the following is not correct for an ideal solution?
