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प्रश्न
Explain any five types of evidence that support the theory of evolution.
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उत्तर
- Morphological evidences: Morphological evidence is based on the similarity of size, shape or structure of organs among a group of organisms proving that they evolved from the same ancestor.
- Anatomical evidences: Anatomical evidence is the evidence of evolution based on the similarities in the anatomical structure of bones and bony joints in the organs of animals.
- Vestigial organs: Vestigial organs are useless organs that are degenerated or underdeveloped due to non-functionality through several years.
- Paleontological evidences: Paleontological evidence of evolution is based on the study of remnants and impressions of organisms that remain preserved underground as fossils.
- Connecting links: Connecting links are some plants or animals that show morphological characters by which they can be related to two different groups of organisms.
- Embryological evidences: Embryological evidence arises from comparative study of embryological developmental stages of various vertebrates. Embryos of different vertebrates appear similar during the initial stages of development and these similarities gradually decrease as the embryo develops.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
“Two areas of study namely 'evolution' and 'classification' are interlinked'. Justify this statement.
Which one of the following pairs of vegetables is an example of homologous structures?
(A) Potato and sweet potato
(B) Carrot and radish
(C) Carrot and tomato
(D) Tomato and radish
Four students P, Q, R and S differently reported the following set of organs to be analogous :
P. Forelimb of a frog and forelimb of a lizard
Q. Forelimb of a bird and forelimb of a human
R. Wings of a parrot and wings of a butterfly
S. Wings of a bird and wings of a bat
The two students who have reported correctly are :
(A) P and Q
(B) Q and R
(C) R and S
(D) P and S
Explain with an example for the given, how the following provides evidence in favor of evolution in organisms :
Analogous organs
Explain with an example for the given, how the following provides evidence in favor of evolution in organisms :
Fossils
The forelimbs of a frog, a bird and a man show the same basic design (or basic structure) of bones. What name is given to such organs?
Name two animals having homologous organs and two having analogous organs. Name these organs.
One pair of organs in the following animals are not homologous. This is :
(a) forelimbs in humans and lizard
(b) forelimbs in lizard and frog
(c) wings in butterfly and bat
(d) wings in bat and bird
Identify the following pairs as homologous and analogous organs:
(i) Sweet potato and potato
(ii) Eye of octopus and eye of mammals
(iii) Thorns of Bougainvillaea and tendrils of Cucurbits
(iv) Fore limbs of bat and whale
In a class, students were asked to observe the models/slides/pictures of the skeletons of forelimbs and wings of different organisms. After the observations the students made the following groups of homologous structures. Select the correct group :
(A) Wings of a bird and a butterfly
(B) Wings of a pigeon and a bat
(C) Wings of a butterfly and a bat
(D) Forelimbs of a cow, a duck and a lizard
What do we call the degenerated or partially developed useless organs in living organisms? Enlist such organs in human body? How the same organs are useful in other animals?
Vestigial organ ______ present in human body is proof of evolution.
Draw a labelled diagram of T.S. of a leaf showing Kranz anatomy.
Explain any three molecular (genetic) evidences in favour of organic evolution.
I am a connecting link between reptiles and mammals. Who am I?
Name the parts shown in the diagram.
Human jaw
Match the following.
| Column A | Column B |
| 1) Morphological evidences | a) Tail-bone or wisdom teeth |
| 2) Paleontological evidences | b) Leaf venation |
| c) Fossils |
Give scientific reason.
Duck-billed platypus shows relationship with mammals.
Biogenetic law states that ______.
Select the correct statement.
Evolution has exhibited a greater stability of molecular structure when compared with morphological structures. Comment on the statement and justify your opinion.
Tendons and ligaments are examples of ______.
Palaeontological evidence for evolution refers to the ______.
Basic principles of embryonic development were pronounced by:
Flippers of Penguins and Dolphins are examples of:
The study of fossil evidence of evolution is called ______
Organs having similar functions but different origin and development are known as:
Analogous organs arise due to ______.
Fossils are generally found in ______.
How do we compute the age of a living tree?
Give an example for convergent evolution and identify the features towards which they are converging.
I am the connecting link of annelida and arthropoda. What is my name?
Find odd one out:
Explain natural selection with the example of industrial melanism.
Write names of some vestigial organs in the human body.
