Advertisements
Advertisements
प्रश्न
Explain any five types of evidence that support the theory of evolution.
Advertisements
उत्तर
- Morphological evidences: Morphological evidence is based on the similarity of size, shape or structure of organs among a group of organisms proving that they evolved from the same ancestor.
- Anatomical evidences: Anatomical evidence is the evidence of evolution based on the similarities in the anatomical structure of bones and bony joints in the organs of animals.
- Vestigial organs: Vestigial organs are useless organs that are degenerated or underdeveloped due to non-functionality through several years.
- Paleontological evidences: Paleontological evidence of evolution is based on the study of remnants and impressions of organisms that remain preserved underground as fossils.
- Connecting links: Connecting links are some plants or animals that show morphological characters by which they can be related to two different groups of organisms.
- Embryological evidences: Embryological evidence arises from comparative study of embryological developmental stages of various vertebrates. Embryos of different vertebrates appear similar during the initial stages of development and these similarities gradually decrease as the embryo develops.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
Explain with an example for the given, how the following provides evidence in favor of evolution in organisms:
Homologous organs
Write the similarity between the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bat. What do you infer from the above with reference to evolution?
Human tailbone is a vestigial organ. Explain.
The organs which perform similar functions but have different basic structure are called :
(a) asymmetric organs
(b) analogous organs
(c) homologous organs
(d) homophonic organs
The presence of which of the following types of organs in two animals indicates that they are not derived from a common ancestor?
(a) homologous organs
(b) excretory organs
(c) analogous organs
(d) reproductive organs
X, Y, and Z are three animals. The animal X can fly but animal Y can only run on ground or walls. The forelimbs of animals X and Y have the same basic design but they are used for different purposes such as flying and running respectively. The animal Z became extinct an long time ago. The study of fossils of Z tells us that it had some features like those of X and some like those of Y. In fact, Z is said to form a connecting link in the evolutionary chain of X and Y.
(a) What could the animals X, Y and Z be?
(b) What name is given to the forelimbs like those of X and Y which have the same basic design but different functions?
(c) Name one feature in which Z resembled X.
(d) Name one feature in which Z resembled Y.
(e) Which is the correct evolutionary chain involving X, Y and Z : X → Z → Y or Y → Z → X?
What do you mean by vestigial structures? Name four vestigial organs found in man.
Define fossil.
Match the following.
| Column A | Column B |
| 1) Morphological evidences | a) Tail-bone or wisdom teeth |
| 2) Paleontological evidences | b) Leaf venation |
| c) Fossils |
Select the CORRECT match.
Select the CORRECT set of homologous organs.
Palaeontological evidence for evolution refers to the ______.
The process of mating of individuals, which are more closing related than the average of the population to which they belong is called ______.
Which is not a vestigial organ in a man?
Which of the following is used as an atmospheric pollution indicator?
Fossils are generally found in ______.
Give an example for convergent evolution and identify the features towards which they are converging.
Industrial melanism was highlighted by ______.
Industrial melanism in England after 1850 is an excellent example of Natural selection. Explain how?
