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प्रश्न
Explain any five types of evidence that support the theory of evolution.
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उत्तर
- Morphological evidences: Morphological evidence is based on the similarity of size, shape or structure of organs among a group of organisms proving that they evolved from the same ancestor.
- Anatomical evidences: Anatomical evidence is the evidence of evolution based on the similarities in the anatomical structure of bones and bony joints in the organs of animals.
- Vestigial organs: Vestigial organs are useless organs that are degenerated or underdeveloped due to non-functionality through several years.
- Paleontological evidences: Paleontological evidence of evolution is based on the study of remnants and impressions of organisms that remain preserved underground as fossils.
- Connecting links: Connecting links are some plants or animals that show morphological characters by which they can be related to two different groups of organisms.
- Embryological evidences: Embryological evidence arises from comparative study of embryological developmental stages of various vertebrates. Embryos of different vertebrates appear similar during the initial stages of development and these similarities gradually decrease as the embryo develops.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Four students P, Q, R and S differently reported the following set of organs to be analogous :
P. Forelimb of a frog and forelimb of a lizard
Q. Forelimb of a bird and forelimb of a human
R. Wings of a parrot and wings of a butterfly
S. Wings of a bird and wings of a bat
The two students who have reported correctly are :
(A) P and Q
(B) Q and R
(C) R and S
(D) P and S
Explain with an example for the given, how the following provides evidence in favor of evolution in organisms :
Fossils
Human tailbone is a vestigial organ. Explain.
The forelimbs of a frog, a bird and a man show the same basic design (or basic structure) of bones. What name is given to such organs?
Name two animals having homologous organs and two having analogous organs. Name these organs.
The wings of a housefly and the wings of a sparrow are an example of :
(a) analogous organs
(b) vestigial organs
(c) respiratory organs
(d) homologous organs
There are five animals A, B, C, D and E. The animal A uses its modified forelimbs for flying. The animal B uses its forelimbs for running whereas the animal C uses its forelimbs for grasping. The animal D can live on land as well as in water and uses its forelimbs to prop up the front end of its body when at rest. The animal E which respires by using spiracles and tracheae uses wings for flying but its wings are analogous to the modified forelimbs of animal A.
(a) What could the animals A, B, C, D and E be?
(b) Why are the forelimbs of animals A, B, C, D called homologous organs?
(c) What does the existence of homologous organs in animals A, B, C and D tell us about their ancestors ?
(d) Why are the modified forelimbs of animal A and the wings of animal E called analogous organs?
(e) State whether animals A and E have a common ancestor or not.
Identify the following pairs as homologous and analogous organs:
(i) Sweet potato and potato
(ii) Eye of octopus and eye of mammals
(iii) Thorns of Bougainvillaea and tendrils of Cucurbits
(iv) Fore limbs of bat and whale
Write the names of those animals in whom some vestigial organs in human body are functioning.
Explain any three molecular (genetic) evidences in favour of organic evolution.
______ is a vestigial organ in human beings.
Match the following.
| Column A | Column B |
| 1) Morphological evidences | a) Tail-bone or wisdom teeth |
| 2) Paleontological evidences | b) Leaf venation |
| c) Fossils |
Why do all the gametes formed in human females have an X chromosome?
Fossils are generally found in ______.
Complete the following diagram:
Find the odd one out:
Define the term:
Homologous organs
Give one example of homologous organs found in plants.
