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प्रश्न
Explain any five types of evidence that support the theory of evolution.
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उत्तर
- Morphological evidences: Morphological evidence is based on the similarity of size, shape or structure of organs among a group of organisms proving that they evolved from the same ancestor.
- Anatomical evidences: Anatomical evidence is the evidence of evolution based on the similarities in the anatomical structure of bones and bony joints in the organs of animals.
- Vestigial organs: Vestigial organs are useless organs that are degenerated or underdeveloped due to non-functionality through several years.
- Paleontological evidences: Paleontological evidence of evolution is based on the study of remnants and impressions of organisms that remain preserved underground as fossils.
- Connecting links: Connecting links are some plants or animals that show morphological characters by which they can be related to two different groups of organisms.
- Embryological evidences: Embryological evidence arises from comparative study of embryological developmental stages of various vertebrates. Embryos of different vertebrates appear similar during the initial stages of development and these similarities gradually decrease as the embryo develops.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
State the connecting links between Peripatus with Annelida and Arthopoda.
What are vestigial organs?
Write the similarity between the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bat. What do you infer from the above with reference to evolution?
Find out from newspapers and popular science articles any new fossil discoveries or controversies about evolution.
What are homologous organs?
Select and write analogous structures from the list given below :
1) Wings of butterfly and birds
2) Vertebrate hearts
3) Tendrils of Bougainvillea and Cucurbita
4) Tubers of sweet potato and potato
Some dinosaurs had feathers although they could not fly birds have feathers that help them to fly. In the context of evolution, this means that ______
The presence of which of the following types of organs in two animals indicates that they are not derived from a common ancestor?
(a) homologous organs
(b) excretory organs
(c) analogous organs
(d) reproductive organs
The presence of which of the following types of organs in two organisms indicates that they are derived from the same ancestor?
(a) analogous organs
(b) respiratory organs
(c) digestive organs
(d) homologous organs
X, Y, and Z are three animals. The animal X can fly but animal Y can only run on ground or walls. The forelimbs of animals X and Y have the same basic design but they are used for different purposes such as flying and running respectively. The animal Z became extinct an long time ago. The study of fossils of Z tells us that it had some features like those of X and some like those of Y. In fact, Z is said to form a connecting link in the evolutionary chain of X and Y.
(a) What could the animals X, Y and Z be?
(b) What name is given to the forelimbs like those of X and Y which have the same basic design but different functions?
(c) Name one feature in which Z resembled X.
(d) Name one feature in which Z resembled Y.
(e) Which is the correct evolutionary chain involving X, Y and Z : X → Z → Y or Y → Z → X?
The organs P and Q of two animals have different structures but similar functions. On the other hand, the two organs R and S of two other animals have the same basic structure but different functions.
(a) What are the organs like P and Q known as?
(b) Name the organs like P and Q. Also name the animals which have such organs.
(c) What are the organs like R and S called?
(d) Name the organs like R and S. Also name the animals which have such organs.
Select a set of homologous organs from the following:
(A) Wings of a bat and wings of a butterfly
(B) Wings of a pigeon and wings of a bat
(C) Wings of a butterfly and wings of a pigeon
(D) Forelimbs of a duck, forelimbs of a cow and forelimbs of a lizard
What do we call the degenerated or partially developed useless organs in living organisms? Enlist such organs in human body? How the same organs are useful in other animals?
Read the following statement and justify same in your own words with the help of suitable example.
There is evidences of fatal science among chordates.
Complete the following chart:
“Appearance of melanised moths post-industrialisation in England is a classic example of evolution by natural selection.” Explain.
Give scientific reason.
Vertebrates have slowly originated from invertebrates.
Observe the following images and answer the questions.
- Which evolutionary evidences are indicated in the given picture?
- How are they formed?
- Which method is used to measure their age or their time?
Homologous organs and vestigial organs are examples of ______ type of evidence in evolution.
Select the correct statement.
Where is carbon dating used?
Tendons and ligaments are examples of ______.
Palaeontological evidence for evolution refers to the ______.
Organs having similar functions but different origin and development are known as:
Which of the following is used as an atmospheric pollution indicator?
Analogous organs arise due to ______.
Appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is an example of ______.
What were the characteristics of life forms that had been fossilised?
Did aquatic life forms get fossilised? If, yes where do we come across such fossils?
How do we compute the age of a fossil?
While creation and presence of variation is directionless, natural selection is directional as it is in the context of adaptation. Comment.
Find the odd one out:
Write a note on the significance of Palaeontology.
Define the term:
Homologous organs
Complete the following conceptual picture:
