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प्रश्न
Distinguish between a sigma and a pi bond.
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उत्तर
The following are the differences between sigma and pi-bonds:
| Sigma (σ) Bond | Pi (π) Bond |
| It is formed by the end to end overlap of orbitals | It is formed by the lateral overlap of orbitals. |
| The orbitals involved in the overlapping are s-s, s-p, or p-p | These bonds are formed by the overlap of p–p orbitals only |
| It is a strong bond. | It is weak bond. |
| The electron cloud is symmetrical about the line joining the two nuclei. | The electron cloud is not symmetrical. |
| It consists of one electron cloud, which is symmetrical about the internuclear axis. | There are two electron clouds lying above and below the plane of the atomic nuclei. |
| Free rotation about σ bonds is possible. | Rotation is restricted in case of pi-bonds. |
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संबंधित प्रश्न
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| Column I | Column II |
| (i) \[\ce{SF4}\] | (a) sp3d2 |
| (ii) \[\ce{IF5}\] | (b) d2sp3 |
| (iii) \[\ce{NO^{+}2}\], | (c) sp3d |
| (iv) \[\ce{NH^{+}4}\], | (d) sp3 |
| (e) sp |
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| Column I | Column II |
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\[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{.....}\ce{O}\\
\phantom{.....}||\\
\ce{\overset{∗}{C}H2 = CH - \overset{∗}{C} - O - H}
\end{array}\]
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\[\ce{CH3 - \overset{∗}{C}H2 - OH}\]
What is the type of hybridisation of carbon atoms marked with star.
\[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{..........}\ce{O}\\
\phantom{..........}||\\
\ce{CH3 - CH2 - \overset{∗}{C} - H}
\end{array}\]
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\[\ce{\overset{∗}{C}H3 - CH = CH - CH3}\]
What is the type of hybridisation of carbon atoms marked with star.
\[\ce{CH3 - \overset{∗}{C} ≡ CH}\]
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