Question

Discuss any three different types of salts with at least one example for each.

Answer 1

1. Normal Salts: These salts are formed by the complete replacement of all replaceable hydrogen ions of an acid by a metallic or ammonium ion. They do not contain any replaceable hydrogen or hydroxyl ions.

Example: Sodium chloride (NaCl) is a normal salt formed by the complete neutralisation of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution.

\[\ce{HCl + NaOH -> NaCl + H2O}\]

2. Acid Salts: These salts are formed by the partial replacement of the replaceable hydrogen ions of a polybasic acid by a metallic or ammonium ion. They still contain replaceable hydrogen atoms and behave like weak acids.

Example: Sodium hydrogensulphate (NaHSO₄) is an acid salt formed by the partial neutralisation of dibasic sulphuric acid (H2SO₄) with a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution at a temperature below 200°C.

\[\ce{NaOH + H2SO4 ->[< 200°C] NaHSO4 + H2O}\]

3. Basic Salts: These salts are formed by the partial replacement of the replaceable hydroxyl ions of a polyacidic base by an acid radical. They still contain replaceable hydroxyl groups.

Example: Basic lead nitrate [Pb(OH)NO₃] is a basic salt formed by the partial neutralisation of a diacidic base, lead hydroxide [Pb(OH)₂], with a dilute nitric acid (HNO₃) solution.

\[\ce{Pb(OH)2 + HNO3 -> Pb(OH)NO3 + H2O}\]