Question

Complete the diagram/chart with correct labels/ information. Write the conceptual details regarding it.

Answer 1

1. When the renal function of a person falls below 5 – 7 %, the accumulation of harmful substances in the blood begins. In such a condition, the person has to go for artificial means of filtration of blood i.e. hemodialysis.
2. In haemodialysis, a dialysis machine is used to filter blood. The blood is filtered outside the body using a dialysis unit.
3. In this procedure, the patients’ blood is removed; generally from the radial artery and passed through a cellophane tube that acts as a semipermeable membrane.
4. The tube is immersed in a fluid called dialysate which is isosmotic to normal blood plasma. Hence, only excess salts if present in plasma pass through the cellophane tube into the dialysate.
5. Waste substances being absent in the dialysate, move from the blood into the dialyzing fluid.
6. The filtered blood is returned to vein.
7. In this process it is essential that anticoagulant like heparin is added to the blood while it passing through the tube and before resending it into the circulation, an adequate amount of anti-heparin is mixed.
8. Also, the blood has to move slowly through the tube and hence the process is slow.