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Applications of Differential Equation

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Estimated time: 4 minutes

Population growth, Bacterial colony growth, Surface area, Newton’s laws of cooling, Radioactive decay

Maharashtra State Board: Class 12

Key Points: Applications of Differential Equation

1. Population Growth

  • Rate of change of population ∝ population

  • \[\frac{\mathrm{dP}}{\mathrm{dt}}=\mathrm{kP}\]

Growth increases with time

2. Radioactive Decay

  • Rate of decay ∝ of the amount present

  • \[\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}t}=-\mathrm{k}x\]

Negative sign → quantity decreases

3. Newton’s Law of Cooling

  • Rate of cooling ∝ temperature difference

  • \[\frac{\mathrm{d}\theta}{\mathrm{d}t}=-k\left(\theta-\theta_{0}\right)\]

θ = body temp, θ₀ = surrounding temp

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