NCERT solutions for सोशियोलॉजी सोशल चेंज अँड डेवलपमेंट इन इंडिया [इंग्रजी] इयत्ता १२ chapter 2 - Cultural Change [Latest edition]

Find out about some of the social reformers mentioned below? What issues did they fight for? How did they conduct their campaign? Was there any opposition?

• Viresalingam
• Pandita Ramabai
• Vidyasagar
• Dayanand Saraswati
• Jyotiba Phule
• Sri Narayan Guru
• Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
• Any other

While you read the way the four processes are used in sociology, it may be interesting to discuss in class what you think the terms mean.

• What kind of behaviour would you define as:
  Western
  Modern
  Secular
  Sanskritised
• Why?
• Return to Activity after you finish the chapter.
• Did you find any difference between common sense usage of the terms and their sociological meaning?

Think of other instances of the mix and match, both from everyday life and from the wider level.

Read the section on Sanskritisation very carefully. Do you think that this process is gendered, i.e., it affects women differently from men? Do you think that even if it does lead to positional change among men, the reverse may be true about women?

• Can you think of Indians who are very western in their clothes and appearances but who do not have democratic and egalitarian values that are part of modern attitudes? We are giving two examples below. Can you think of other instances from both real and reel life?
  We may find people who are Western-educated but holding very prejudiced views about particular ethnic or religious communities. A family can adopt external forms of Western culture, like the way the interiors of houses are done up, but may have very conservative ideas about women’s role in society. The practice of female foeticide combines discriminatory attitudes towards women and the use of very modern technology.
• You should also discuss that whether this contradiction is only true for the Indians or non-western societies. Or is it not equally true that racist and discriminatory attitudes exist in Western societies?

Take any matrimonial column from any newspaper or websites like shaadi.com and try and see the pattern. How often is caste or community mentioned? If it is mentioned many times, does it mean that caste continues to play the same kind of role as it did traditionally? Or has the role of caste changed? Discuss.

Observe advertisements during traditional festivals such as Diwali, Durga Puja, Ganesh Puja, Dusserah, Karwa Chauth, Id, Christmas. Collect different advertisements from the print media. Watch the electronic media also. Note what the messages of these advertisements are about.

Westernisation is often just about adoption of western attire and life style.  Are there other aspects to being westernised? Or is that about  modernisation? Discuss.

Write a short note on Rites and secularisation.

Write a short note on Caste and secularisation.

Write a short note on Gender and sanskritisation.