Science (English Medium) इयत्ता १२ - CBSE Question Bank Solutions

Castes are not only unequal to each other in ritual terms, but they are also supposed to be complementary and non-competing groups. In other words, each caste has its own place in the system which cannot be taken by any other caste. Since caste is also linked with occupation, the system functions as the social division of labour, except that, in principle, it allows no mobility.

Castes were traditionally linked to occupation.

Castes are not only unequal to each other in ritual terms, but they are also supposed to be complementary and non-competing groups. In other words, each caste has its own place in the system which cannot be taken by any other caste. Since caste is also linked with occupation, the system functions as the social division of labour, except that, in principle, it allows no mobility.

Caste is never a matter of ________.

19th century reform initiated a period of questioning, reinterpretations and both intellectual and social growth. Using suitable examples, justify the given statement.

Which of the following is/are the best known International Non-Governmental Organisations?

Which of the following makes the Dominant Castes dominant?

1. small population
2. land rights
3. intermediate caste
4. the decisive role in regional politics

The person who is refused a job because of his/her caste may be told that he/she was less qualified than others and the selection was done purely on merit. This is an example of ______.

A person from a well-off family can afford expensive higher education. Someone with influential relatives and friends may through access to good advice, recommendations, or information management get a well-paid job. Which of the following is true in the given context?

1. There are multiple forms of capital.
2. Different forms of capital cannot be converted into the other.
3. The forms of capital overlap.

Historically, states have tried to establish and enhance their political legitimacy through nation-building strategies. They sought to secure the loyalty and obedience of their citizens through policies of assimilation or integration. Attaining these objectives was not easy, especially in a context of cultural diversity where citizens, in addition to their identifications with their country, might also feel a strong sense of identity with their community - ethnic, religious, linguistic, and so on.

Two nation-building strategies used were ______.

The challenge is in reinvigorating India’s commitment to practices ______.

Assertion(A): Members of low-ranked caste groups had to provide labour for a fixed number of days per year to the village zamindar.

Reason(R): Lack of resources and dependence on the landed caste for economic and social support meant that many working poor were tied to landowners in hereditary labour relationships.

Not all of the changes in Social Institutions brought about by the British were intended or deliberate. Give an example to justify the statement.

“In both English and Indian fictional writings, we often encounter an entire group of people classified as ‘lazy’ or ‘cunning’.” What are the problems with such a classification?

The state is indeed a very crucial institution when it comes to the management of cultural diversity in a nation. How?

What is the difference between assimilationist and integrationist policies?

What was unique about the social reform movements of the 19th century?

Industrial Society is characterised by alienation. How?

One of the most significant yet paradoxical changes in the caste system in the contemporary period is that it has tended to become ‘invisible’ for the upper caste, urban middle, and upper classes. Elaborate.

Why is it hard to define a nation?

How are capitalism and colonialism linked?

1. Give reasons for the declining sex ratio.
2. In your opinion, what steps should be taken to deal with this bias against the girl-child?