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Rewrite the following statement by selecting the correct option:
If a ray of light strikes a glass slab at an angle of 600 with the surface of the slab, the angle of incidence must be __________________.
Concept: Refraction of Light Through a Rectangular Glass Block
Observe the given figure and name the following.

| Ray AB | |
| Ray NM | |
| Ray MD | |
| ∠ r |
Concept: Refraction of Light
In refraction of light through a glass slab, the directions of the incident ray and the refracted ray are ______.
Concept: Refraction of Light
Draw the ray diagram of a glass slab having medium A and B for the velocity of light ray VA and VB respectively and define Snell's law.
- If VB = 1.5 VA, then which medium is denser?
- What is the refractive index of A with respect to B?
- What is the refractive index of B with respect to A?
Concept: Refraction of Light Through a Rectangular Glass Block
Draw the ray diagram of a glass slab having medium A and B for the velocity of light ray VA and VB respectively and define Snell's law.
- If VB = 1.5 VA, then which medium is denser?
- What is the refractive index of A with respect to B?
- What is the refractive index of B with respect to A?
Concept: Refraction of Light Through a Rectangular Glass Block
Observe the figure and name the ray AB, ray CD, ray GH.

Concept: Refraction of Light Through a Rectangular Glass Block
Observe the figure and name the ray AB, ray CD, ray GH.

Concept: Refraction of Light Through a Rectangular Glass Block
Suggest measures to minimize electricity consumption at home.
Concept: Sustainable Use of Resources
Suggest measures in bursting fire crackers in festivals and processions.
Concept: Abatement of Pollution
Concept: Sustainable Use of Resources
Write a short note based on the information known to you.
Darwin’s theory of natural selection.
Concept: Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection (Darwinism)
Explain the mechanism of hereditary changes.
Concept: Heredity
Survival of fittest : Darwin : : Acquired characters : ..............................
Concept: Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution (Lamarckism)
a) Explain in brief - Lamarck’s principle of ‘use or disuse of organs’.
b) Give two examples.
c) What are ‘acquired characters’?
Concept: Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution (Lamarckism)
State Darwin’s theory of evolution.
Concept: Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection (Darwinism)
What are the components of the DNA molecule?
Concept: Heredity
Observe the following figure and explain the concept.

Concept: Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution (Lamarckism)
State whether the statement is true or false:
Aquatic animals breathe at a slower rate than the terrestrial animals.
Concept: Cellular Respiration
Given below are the end products of different reactions involving glucose.

Write the reaction number in front of the following:
(i) Anaerobic reaction =
(ii) Reaction in the human muscles =
(iii) Aerobic respiration =
(iv) Reaction in the plant cells =
(v) Reaction in the liver
Concept: Cellular Respiration
