Revision: Life's Internal Secrets Science and Technology 2 SSC (English Medium) 10th Standard Maharashtra State Board

The organisms which cannot prepare their own food and depends on ready-made food synthesized by green plants are called heterotrophs.

Examples - animals and human beings.

The organisms which feed upon other animals and animal products.

Examples - tiger, lion, cat, etc.

It is the breaking down of complex insoluble food components into simple soluble substances.

The organisms which feed on all kinds of plant and animal food are called omnivores.

Examples - Cockroach and human beings.

These are the organisms which prepare organic food in their body from simple inorganic materials like carbon dioxide, water, etc.

Example - green plants and certain protests.

The organisms that feed on plants only are termed as herbivores.

Examples - sheep, cow, goat, etc.

Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the muscles of the alimentary canal that pushes the food along the gut.

Pylorus is the passage at the lower end of the stomach that opens into the duodenum.

Omnivores are organisms that consume both plants and animals.

Absorption of substances which are built into other compounds in the organisms. 

A kilocalorie is a unit of energy. It is the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 Celsius.

Egestion — The process of removal of the undigested food from the body is defined as egestion.

Digestion — The process of breaking the food into smaller and simpler substances so that they can be easily used by the body is called digestion.

The process by which all organisms obtain or synthesize their food and convert it into simpler substances, so that it can be absorbed and utilized by the cells of the body is called nutrition.

Assimilation — The process of using the digested food by the body is called assimilation.

The process of converting complex food substances into simpler and smaller units so that they can be easily utilised by the body is defined as digestion.
E.g. proteins are converted to amino acids.

Transport is the movement of people, animals and things from one place to another.

• Digestion is the conversion of complex food into soluble forms that can be absorbed into the blood.
• The digestive system has two main components: the alimentary canal (mouth to anus) and associated digestive glands.
• The alimentary canal is a long muscular tube about 9 m in adults, including mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus.
• Salivary glands, liver and pancreas are accessory digestive glands that open into this canal and secrete juices needed for digestion.
• Different organs of the digestive system act in sequence; each stage of digestion occurs in a specific organ that performs a specialised mechanical or chemical role.