Definitions [11]
Define the following.
Pomiculture
Pomiculture:
Pomiculture is the cultivation, development, and entrancement of Fruits.
Define phytochemistry.
Phytochemistry is the study of phytochemicals which are chemical substances derived from various parts of the plant.
Define the following.
Pinning
Pinning:
Pinning is the development of little white buds from mycelium.
Mariculture (or) Marine water aquaculture
The cultivation of aquatic organisms in seawater is referred to as Mariculture (or) Sea farming.
Pisciculture (fishery) is the practice of breeding, rearing and harvesting fish in natural or artificial water bodies for food and other economic uses.
Define the following.
Pisciculture
Pisciculture or Fish culture is the process of breeding and rearing fishes in ponds, reservoirs (dams), lakes, rivers, and paddy fields.
Define Vermicompost.
- Vermiculture or Vermicomposting is a method of transforming organic wastes such as waste papers, leaves, pieces of wood, etc., into a nutrient rich fertilizer using earthworms.
- It is a healthy and clean way to eliminate wastes going into our landfills.
- It keeps the environment clean.
- Earthworms eat the organic wastes and excrete it in the form of castings. This is known as vermicompost.
Define the following.
Compost
Compost:
Compost is a soil conditioner as well as a fertilizer, which is rich in nutrients.
Define the following.
Apiculture
Apiculture is the rearing of honey bees for honey. It is called Beekeeping.
Define cross-breeding.
Breeding between a superior male of one breed with a superior female of another breed is known as cross-breeding.
The rearing of honey bee to obtain honey and other commercially important products is known as apiculture or bee‑keeping.
Key Points
- Meaning — Branch of applied biology dealing with catching, processing, farming & marketing of fish, prawns, lobsters, oysters, mussels, crabs.
- Three Divisions — Inland (fresh water), Marine (sea water, 7500 km coastline), Estuarine (river meets sea, e.g., Sundarbans).
- Common Fish — Inland: Rohu, Catla, Mrigala | Marine: Bombay duck, Sardine, Mackerel, Pomfret.
- Fish Culture — Monoculture (1 species) or Polyculture (many species). Preservation: chilling, freezing, salting, canning, drying.
- By-products — Fish oil, fish meal, fertilisers, fish glue, isinglass → used in paints, soaps, medicines. Provides jobs & self-employment.
- Meaning — Artificial rearing of honey bees to obtain honey, wax, pollen, bee venom, propolis & royal jelly. Ancient cottage industry.
- 4 Species in India — Apis dorsata (rock bee), Apis florea (little bee), Apis mellifera (European), Apis indica (Indian). Mellifera & Indica = domesticated species.
- Requirements — Areas with shrubs, orchards & crops. Equipment: hive boxes, smoker, bee veil, gloves, uncapping knife, queen excluder.
- Management — Periodic inspection of cleanliness, queen activity, brood condition & water supply is necessary.
- Importance — Honey = nutritious + medicinal. Bees pollinate sunflowers, mustard, apples, mangoes, and citrus → increases crop productivity.
