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प्रश्न
Write Hardy-Sulze rules.
Write a note on Hardy–Schulze rule.
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उत्तर
- Generally, the greater the valency of the flocculating ion added, the greater is its power to cause precipitation. This is known as the Hardy–Schulze rule.
- In the coagulation of negative sol, the flocculating power follows the following order:
Al3+ > Ba2+ > Na+ - Similarly, in the coagulation of positive sol, the flocculating power is in the following order:
\[\ce{[Fe(CN)_6]^{4-} > PO_4^{3-} > SO_4^{2-} > Cl^-}\]
संबंधित प्रश्न
Choose the correct option.
The size of colloidal particles lies between ______.
Distinguish between lyophobic and lyophilic sols.
Write a note on Brownian motion.
Explain Electrophoresis diagramatically.
What are the applications of Electrophoresis?
Explain Bredig’s arc method.
Draw labelled diagram Dialysis.
Froth and whipped cream are examples of ____________.
Which of the following is multimolecular colloid?
Mist is a colloidal solution of ____________.
Which of the following is an example of liquid-liquid system?
Which of the following is NOT true for lyophilic colloids?
Smoke is an example of ____________.
The movement of colloidal particles towards respective electrode under electric field is called ______.
Which of the following compounds forms a colloidal solution when dissolved in water?
In which of the following sols there is low affinity between dispersed phase and dispersion medium?
Some colloids are stable by their nature, i.e., gels, alloys, and solid foams. Gelatin and jellies are two common examples of a gel. The solid and liquid phases in a gel are interdispersed with both phases being continuous. In most systems, the major factor influencing the stability is the charge on the colloidal particles. If a particular ion is preferentially adsorbed on the surface of the particles, the particles in suspension will repel each other, thereby preventing the formation of aggregates that are larger than colloidal dimensions. The ion can be either positive or negative depending on the particular colloidal system, i.e., air bubbles accumulate negative ions, sulphur particles have a net negative charge in a sulphur sol, and the particles in a metal hydroxide sol are positively charged. Accumulation of charge on a surface is not an unusual phenomenon-dust is attracted to furniture surfaces by electrostatic forces. When salts are added to lyophobic colloidal systems the colloidal particles begin to form larger aggregates and a sediment forms as they settle. This phenomenon is called flocculation, and the suspension can be referred to as flocculated, or colloidally unstable. If the salt is removed, the suspension can usually be restored to its original state; this process is called deflocculation or peptization. The original and restored colloidal systems are called deflocculated, peptized, or stable sols.
Why does a small amount of salt have such a dramatic effect on the stability of a lyophobic colloidal system? The answer lies in an understanding of the attractive and repulsive forces that exist between colloidal particles. Van der Waals forces are responsible for the attractions, while the repulsive forces are due to the surface charge on the particles. In a stable colloid, the repulsive forces are of greater magnitude than the attractive forces. The magnitude of the electrical repulsion is diminished by addition of ionized salt, which allows the dispersed particles to aggregate and flocculate. River deltas provide an example of this behaviour. A delta is formed at the mouth of a river because the colloidal clay particles are flocculated when the freshwater mixes with the salt water of the ocean.
Gelatin is a _________ colloidal system.
Freshly prepared precipitate sometimes gets converted to colloidal solution by ______.
Which of the following electrolytes will have maximum coagulating value for AgI/Ag+ solution?
Why are some medicines more effective in the colloidal form?
Match the items of Column I and Column II.
| Column I | Column II |
| (i) Butter | (a) dispersion of liquid in liquid |
| (ii) Pumice stone | (b) dispersion of solid in liquid |
| (iii) Milk | (c) dispersion of gas in solid |
| (iv) Paints | (d) dispersion of liquid in solid |
Cloud is an example of
The size of a raw mango shrinks to a much smaller size when kept in a concentrated salt solution. Which one of the following processes can explain this?
In which of the following, the Tyndall effect is not observed?
Van Arkel's method of purification of metals involves converting the metal to a ______.
Identify the colloidal molecule containing hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail within it.
