Question

Write a short note.

Biotechnology: Professional uses

Answer 1

1. Biotechnology can be applied in various professional domains, including crop biotechnology, animal husbandry, and human health.
2. Crop biotechnology enhances agricultural production and diversity. Biotechnological research is extensively conducted in fields such as hybrid seeds, genetically engineered crops, and herbicide-tolerant plants. This study produces high-yielding, disease-resistant types, as well as those that tolerate challenges such as alkalinity, weeds, cold, and drought. Bt cotton, Bt brinjal, and golden rice are notable genetically modified organisms that have gained popularity in India. Herbicide-tolerant plants now facilitate the selective eradication of weeds. The use of biofertilizers reduces reliance on chemical fertilisers. The utilisation of bacteria such as Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Nostoc, and Anabaena, along with plants like Azolla, enhances the plants nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilisation capabilities.
3. Animal husbandry today employs artificial insemination and embryo transfer techniques to enhance cattle breeds.
4. To enhance and manage human health, the diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be prioritised. Biotechnology enables the quick diagnosis of diabetes, cardiovascular illnesses, and viral diseases such as AIDS and dengue.
5. Industrial products and clean technologies employ biotechnology approaches to mitigate environmental pollution.
6. DNA fingerprinting has revolutionised the profession of forensic science.