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प्रश्न
What are recombinant DNA vaccines? Give two examples of such vaccines. Discuss their advantages.
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उत्तर
A recombinant vaccine is a vaccine produced through recombinant DNA technology. This involves inserting the DNA encoding an antigen that stimulates an immune response into bacterial or mammalian cells. Recombinant DNA technology has allowed the production of antigenic polypeptides of pathogen in bacteria or yeast. Vaccines produced using this approach allow large-scale production and hence greater availability for immunisation, e.g., hepatitis B vaccine (Recombivax HB) produced from yeast. As of June 2015 one human DNA vaccine had been approved for human use, the single-dose Japanese encephalitis vaccine called IMOJEV, released in 2010 in Australia.
Advantages of recombinant DNA vaccines:
- No risk for infection
- Ease of development and production
- Stability for storage and shipping
- Cost-effectiveness
- Expression and purification of recombinant proteins
- Long-term persistence of immunogen
- In vivo expression ensures protein more closely resembles normal eukaryotic structure, with accompanying post-translational modifications.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
What is vaccine?
Write short (2-3 sentences) note on vaccination.
Mention the contributions of
Edward Jenner
Mention the contributions of
Louis Pasteur.
Who discovered the first antibiotic?
Give a brief note on body’s natural defence mechanism to overcome diseases
Select the most appropriate option in each case.
'T' in DTP vaccination stands for
Select the most appropriate option in each case.
Vaccines are
Given below is a table of certain vaccines, the diseases against which they are used and the nature of vaccine. Fill up the gaps 1-10.
|
Vaccine |
Disease(s) |
The Nature of Vaccine |
|
TAB |
1. _______________ |
2. ___________________ |
|
Salk's vaccine |
3. _______________ |
4. ___________________ |
|
BCG |
5. _______________ |
Living weakened germs |
|
Vaccines for measles |
Measles |
6. ___________________ |
|
Cowpox virus |
7. _______________ |
8. ___________________ |
|
Toxoids |
9. _______________ |
Extracts of toxins |
|
|
10. ______________ |
Secreted by bacteria |
Given below are the groups of certain substances of particular categories. Mention the category of each group and identify the wrong example giving reason.
Tears, skin, nasal secretion, HCl (in stomach)
Name any three vaccines and the diseases for which they provide immunity.
Mention if the following statement is true (T) or false (F).
BCG is the vaccine given to babies to help build immunity against three common diseases.
Define the following.
Vaccines
Antibodies of white polio drops that are administered into the body contain:
The oral polio vaccine is a killed vaccine.
After vaccination, the body builds up ______.
Assertion: A person who has received a cut from a sharp object and is bleeding, needs to be given an anti-tetanus injection.
Reason: Anti-tetanus injection stimulates the production of antibodies for tetanus.
At 1.5 months of age, which diseases are vaccinated against according to early-life vaccination schedules?
Memory cells generated by vaccines include:
What is the key advantage of memory B-cells and T-cells in providing immunity during subsequent pathogen exposure?
