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The Triple-point of Water is a Standard Fixed Point in Modern Thermometry. Why? What is Wrong in Taking the Melting Point of Ice and the Boiling Point of Water as Standard Fixed Points (As Was Originally Done in the Celsius Scale)?

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प्रश्न

Answer the following:

The triple-point of water is a standard fixed point in modern thermometry. Why? What is wrong in taking the melting point of ice and the boiling point of water as standard fixed points (as was originally done in the Celsius scale)?

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उत्तर

The triple point of water has a unique value of 273.16 K. At particular values of volume and pressure, the triple point of water is always 273.16 K. The melting point of ice and boiling point of water do not have particular values because these points depend on pressure and temperature.

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पाठ 10: Thermal Properties of Matter - Exercises [पृष्ठ २९४]

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एनसीईआरटी Physics Part 1 and 2 [English] Class 11
पाठ 10 Thermal Properties of Matter
Exercises | Q 4.1 | पृष्ठ २९४

संबंधित प्रश्‍न

The triple points of neon and carbon dioxide are 24.57 K and 216.55 K respectively. Express these temperatures on the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales.


A brass wire 1.8 m long at 27 °C is held taut with little tension between two rigid supports. If the wire is cooled to a temperature of –39 °C, what is the tension developed in the wire, if its diameter is 2.0 mm? Co-efficient of linear expansion of brass = 2.0 × 10–5 K–1; Young’s modulus of brass = 0.91 × 1011 Pa.


In defining the ideal gas temperature scale, it is assumed that the pressure of the gas at constant volume is proportional to the temperature T. How can we verify whether this is true or not? Do we have to apply the kinetic theory of gases? Do we have to depend on experimental result that the pressure is proportional to temperature?


Consider the following statements.
(A) The coefficient of linear expansion has dimension K–1.
(B) The coefficient of volume expansion has dimension K–1.


In which of the following pairs of temperature scales, the size of a degree is identical?
(a) Mercury scale and ideal gas scale
(b) Celsius scale and mercury scale
(c) Celsius scale and ideal gas scale
(d) Ideal gas scale and absolute scale


The steam point and the ice point of a mercury thermometer are marked as 80° and 20°. What will be the temperature on a centigrade mercury scale when this thermometer reads 32°?


Which of the following pairs represent units of the same physical quantity?


A constant-volume thermometer registers a pressure of 1.500 × 104 Pa at the triple point of water and a pressure of 2.050 × 104 Pa at the normal boiling point. What is the temperature at the normal boiling point?


The pressure measured by a constant volume gas thermometer is 40 kPa at the triple point of water. What will be the pressure measured at the boiling point of water (100°C)?


The pressure of the gas in a constant volume gas thermometer is 70 kPa at the ice point.  Find the pressure at the steam point.


An aluminium vessel of mass 0.5 kg contains 0.2 kg of water at 20°C. A block of iron of mass 0.2 kg at 100°C is gently put into the water. Find the equilibrium temperature of the mixture. Specific heat capacities of aluminium, iron and water are 910 J kg−1 K−1, 470 J kg−1 K−1 and 4200 J kg−1 K−1 respectively.


The pressures of the gas in a constant volume gas thermometer are 80 cm, 90 cm and 100 cm of mercury at the ice point, the steam point and in a heated wax bath, respectively. Find the temperature of the wax bath.


A piece of iron of mass 100 g is kept inside a furnace for a long time and then put in a calorimeter of water equivalent 10 g containing 240 g of water at 20°C. The mixture attains and equilibrium temperature of 60°C. Find the temperature of the furnace. Specific heat capacity of iron = 470 J kg−1 °C−1.


A platinum resistance thermometer reads 0° when its resistance is 80 Ω and 100° when its resistance is 90 Ω.
Find the temperature at the platinum scale at which the resistance is 86 Ω.


Four 2 cm × 2 cm × 2 cm cubes of ice are taken out from a refrigerator and are put in 200 ml of a drink at 10°C. (a) Find the temperature of the drink when thermal equilibrium is attained in it. (b) If the ice cubes do not melt completely, find the amount melted. Assume that no heat is lost to the outside of the drink and that the container has negligible heat capacity. Density of ice = 900 kg m−3, density of the drink = 1000 kg m−3, specific heat capacity of the drink = 4200 J kg−1 K−1, latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.4 × 105 J kg−1.


A metre scale is made up of steel and measures correct length at 16°C. What will be the percentage error if this scale is used (a) on a summer day when the temperature is 46°C and (b) on a winter day when the temperature is 6°C? Coefficient of linear expansion of steel = 11 × 10–6 °C–1.


A cube of iron (density = 8000 kg m−3, specific heat capacity = 470 J kg−1 K−1) is heated to a high temperature and is placed on a large block of ice at 0°C. The cube melts the ice below it, displaces the water and sinks. In the final equilibrium position, its upper surface just goes inside the ice. Calculate the initial temperature of the cube. Neglect any loss of heat outside the ice and the cube. The density of ice = 900 kg m−3 and the latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.36 × 105 J kg−1.


A steel rod is rigidly clamped at its two ends. The rod is under zero tension at 20°C. If the temperature rises to 100°C, what force will the rod exert on one of the clamps? Area of cross-section of the rod is 2.00 mm2. Coefficient of linear expansion of steel is 12.0 × 10–6 °C–1 and Young's modulus of steel is 2.00 × 1011 Nm–2.


Two steel rods and an aluminium rod of equal length l0 and equal cross-section are joined rigidly at their ends, as shown in the figure below. All the rods are in a state of zero tension at 0°C. Find the length of the system when the temperature is raised to θ. Coefficient of linear expansion of aluminium and steel are αa and αs, respectively. Young's modulus of aluminium is Ya and of steel is Ys. 

Steel
Aluminium
Steel

A metal block of density 600 kg m−3 and mass 1.2 kg is suspended through a spring of spring constant 200 N m−1. The spring-block system is dipped in water kept in a vessel. The water has a mass of 260 g and the bloc is at a height 40 cm above the bottom of the vessel. If the support of the spring is broken, what will be the rise in the temperature of the water. Specific heat capacity of the block is 250 J kg−3 K−1 and that of water is 4200 J kg−1 K−1. Heat capacities of the vessel and the spring are negligible.


Answer the following question.

How a thermometer is calibrated?


If the temperature on the Fahrenheit scale is 140 °F, then the same temperature on the Kelvin scale will be:  


The graph between two temperature scales A and B is shown in figure. Between upper fixed point and lower fixed point there are 150 equal division on scale A and 100 on scale B. The relationship for conversion between the two scales is given by ______.


Calculate the temperature which has same numeral value on celsius and Fahrenheit scale.


At what temperature do the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales show the same reading?


Which thermometer is considered the most accurate?


Convert 37 °C (normal body temperature) to Kelvin.


Which of the following correctly describes an adiabatic wall?


A mercury thermometer is placed under a patient's tongue. Which sequence correctly describes what happens before a reading is taken?


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