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प्रश्न
State a type of drama each from any four periods of history.
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उत्तर
The periods of the history of British Drama are each well known for their characteristic plays. These are of the following types:
- Medieval Period: Didactic plays, Mystery plays, Miracle plays, Cycle plays, Morality plays.
- Renaissance Period: Tragic – Comedy, Melancholy, Revenge plays.
- Restoration Period: Heroic drama, Pathetic drama, Restoration drama, Restoration comedy.
- Victorian Period: All types of plays.
- Modern Period: Stream of consciousness, Absurd plays, Poetic drama, Radio drama.
- Post-Modern Era: Almost all types of dramas, Kitchen sink drama.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
B1. Find reasons
(i) The effect of receding forest …………………………………. .
(ii) The number of animals is reduced because ………………………. .
(iii) Elephants entered the city because…………………… .
(iv) Elephants lived a wary life …………………….. .
On the left bank of the Ganga, where it emerges from the Himalayan foothills, there is a long stretch of heavy forest. There are villages on the fringe of the forest, inhabited by bamboo cutters and farmers, but there are few signs of commerce or pilgrimage. Hunters, however, have found the area an ideal hunting ground during the last seventy years, and as a result, the animals are not as numerous as they used to be. The trees, too, have been disappearing slowly; and, as the forest recedes, the animals lose their food and shelter and move further on into the foothills. Slowly, they are being denied the right to live
Only the elephants can cross the river. And two years ago, when a large area of the forest was cleared to make way for a refugee resettlement camp, a herd of elephants - finding their favourite food, the green shoots of the bamboo, in short supply - waded across the river. They crashed through the suburbs of Haridwar, knocked down a factory wall, pulled down several tin roofs, held up a train, and left a trail of devastation in their wake until they found a new home in a new forest which was still untouched. Here, they settled down to a new life but an unsettled, wary life. They did not know when men would appear again, with tractors,bulldozers and dynamite.
B2. Find out
Mention four things the elephants did when they found shortage of food:
(i)………………
(ii)………
(iii) …………
(iv) ………….
B3.Phrases
Make meaningful sentences by selecting any two of the following phrases:
(i) to make way for
(ii) in short
(iii) on the fringe of.
B4. Language study
Select the proper alternative to make the correct voice:
(i) Hunters have found an ideal hunting ground.
-An ideal hunting ground ........found by hunters. (had been, has been, was)
(ii) They are being denied the right to live.
- The people ........them the right to live. (are denying, were denying, denying)
B5.Personal response
What would be your contribution to protect the natural habitat of animals?
Complete the flow-chart :
Read the following passage and do the activities:
B1 Match:
Match the areas given in Column ‘A’ with the description of Mehendi design given in Column ‘B’:
| 'A' | 'B" | ||
| (i) | North African | (a) | A mix of Indo-Pakistani and Arabic design |
| (ii) | Indian | (b) | Delicate loops and curves, paisleys, teardrops |
| (iii) | Arabic | (c) | Geometrical images |
| (iv) | South Asian | (d) | Local textiles, paintings, and architecture |
Henna comes from the leaves of the plant Lawsonia inertias. The plant grows in hot and dry climes and is native to North Africa, the Indian subcontinent and the Middle East. The leaves of the plant are dried and crushed to powder. Various additives such as coffee decoction, tea, lime juice, Mehendi and eucalyptus oil are mixed with the henna powder to increase the potency of the dry, this also helps to bind the powder to a paste-like consistency. The mixture is applied through cones in intricate patterns depending on the region of use.
Album of Patterns
Four major styles can be found in the vast dictionary of Mehendi designs. Earlier the application was restricted to hand and feet, but the adoption of Mehendi by different cultures throughout the world has seen experimentation on different body parts including the neck naval and back.
North African patterns rely on geometrical images to trace the shape of hands and feet, Arabic designs borrow heavily from local textiles, paintings, and architecture. These are more spaced out, to allow the design to stand out boldly from the skin parts left untouched by henna. The Indian style comprises of delicate loops and curves, paisleys, teardrops and flowers that give a dainty filigreed glow-like effect. Though intricate patterning is the name of the game today, this trend took off in India only during the 20th century. The patterns preferred by the South Asian countries are mixed with Indo-Pakistani and Arabic design schemes. Chinese and Celtic symbols now find a place in the vast repertoire of Mehendi designs as well.
B2 Complete:
Complete the following and write:
(i) The procedure before applying henna _______
(ii) The reasons for using additives _______
(iii) The suitable climatic conditions for the henna plant _______
(iv) Mehendi is used on _______
B3 Find words:
Look at the following description and find out proper words from the passage and write:
(i) Existing naturally in the place : - n _______
(ii) Consist of something: - c _______
(iii) Delicate decoration made from gold, silver and copper wire: - f _______
(iv) Substance that is added in small quantity : - a _______
B4 Language study:
Fill in the blanks with suitable subordinators given in the box:
| as well as, so that, however, which |
(i) The mixture is applied through cones in intricate patterns _______ depend on the region of use.
(ii) The intricate pattern is the name of the game of today _______, this trend took off in India, recently.
(iii) North African pattern relies on geometrical images ______ they can trace the shape of hands and feet.
(iv) The patterns preferred by the South Asian countries are mixed with Indo-Pakistani _______ Arabic design schemes.
B5 Personal Response:
Which Mehendi design do you like? Why?
Guess the meaning of the following word:
Kora
In which language are these word found?
Guess the meaning of the following word:
Drokba
In which language are these word found?
How does the insertion of dialogue in the story contribute to its interest?
Discuss in pairs or groups of four.
Replacing old machines with new is better than getting them repaired.
How does Shelley's attitude to science differ from that of Wordsworth and Keats?
What is the emphasis placed by Ruskin on accuracy?
What were the concepts that Kumudini Lakhia represent through Duvidha, Atah Kim and panch Paras?
How does the banyan tree stand out as different from other trees? What details of the tree does the poet highlight in the poem?
What quality of 'beauty' and 'love' does the poem highlight?
Make a list of the preparations made for an assault on Tiger Hill.
Throughout the last week of June 1999, 18 Grenadiers ____________.
Read the following words :
Brigadier, Commander, capture, evicting, enemy, defense
All these words are related to war affairs and war.
Find more such words from the passage.
Paraphrase the poem in your own simple language. Write it down in your notebook.
Make a list of archaic words from the poem and give their modern equivalents.
When we look at the sky, we find several objects. They stand for something or the other. Complete the following table by finding the significance of the given objects. One example is given to you.
| Celestial Bodies | Association |
| The Sun | Power, Heat, Energy, Commitment, etc. |
| The Moon | |
| The Rainbow | |
| The Stars |
Go through the poem and state whether the following statement is true or false.
Planners deliberately find drawbacks in the old city planning.
Go through the poem and state whether the following statement is true or false.
Planners paint beautiful pictures of the upcoming changes in the city that charm the citizens.
Honey-bees live an organized life like human beings. Discuss what work the following honey-bees do, as per the poem. Write it down in your own words, in your notebook.
- King/Emperor bee
- Magistrate bees
- Merchant bees
- Soldier bees
- Mason bees
- Civilian bees
- Porter bees
- Judge bee
Answer the following question in short.
What punishment did the emperor threaten the Pundits with?
Play the roles of an interviewer and a Great Indian Bustard and present the interview in the classroom.
Find what Hirabai tells the traveller by reading her words from right to left.
Prepare similar word chains using the following ideas.
waterbody - pool ____________.
Find and read other poems of R. L. Stevenson using the internet. Find other rhythmic poems about trains, in English, or other languages.
Sayali made a hasty purchase.
Answer in your own words.
What task did Grandpa wish to avoid?
Find the words that mean the following from the first stanza.
- Gold hammered into a flat, thin shape: ______
- show off proudly: ______
- tilt, move at an angle: ______
- across, especially in a slanting direction: ______
Choose the appropriate phrase to insert in the gap, to make the sentence meaningful. Use the appropriate form of the verb.
Sorrowful times are ______ darkness.
Pick out Archaic words from the poem and give their modern equivalents.
| Archaic Words | Modern Equivalents | |
| (a) | ||
| (b) | ||
| (c) | ||
| (d) | ||
| (e) |
Guess the meaning of the following word.
water-logged
Read the word. Write the words that combine to make it.
anywhere
Why did he spill the milk?
Guess the meaning of the following word.
beautify
Use this passage to play the game. You can collect information on other famous personalities and play too.
Charlie Chaplin was born on April 16, 1889, in London England. His birth name was Charles Spencer Chaplin, though he had many nicknames growing up such as Charlie, Charlot, and The Little Tramp. His father, Charles Chaplin, and his mother, Hannah Chaplin, were inducted into the music hall of fame, leading the way to his exposure even as a young boy. His first onstage moment was when he was 5 years old; he sang a song that was intended to be sung by his own mother; she had become ill at the time of the performance, so little Charlie Chaplin stood instead and performed for his mother.
Charlie Chaplin came to the United States in 1910, at the age of 21. He was brought to New York, which was known to be a great place to start out for anyone trying to become a professional actor. Two years later, in 1913, Chaplin signed his very first contract at Keystone and it was no time before he headed to Hollywood. His first movie premiered in 1914, “Making a Living,” and went on to make over 35 movies total in that year alone. Charlie Chaplin grew to become one of the most popular and successful actors of all time. The moment that really kicked off his long career was in 1921 when he starred in, and produced, his first full-length film called “The Kid.” From then on, most people all over the world knew Charlie Chaplin and loved his movies. He had a great career and life, dying on December 25, 1977, in Vevey, Switzerland. He had apparently died of natural causes in his sleep from old age.
Why did Granny scold Hamid?
What values did the child learn?
What kind of learning brings joy to you?
How should you speak with old people?
Why did the train stop in the middle of the forest?
The captain presented a gift to Vasantha because ______
Read the story and fill in the grid by ticking each character’s qualities.
Discuss in pairs to rate the characteristic and give marks from 1 to 10 depending on the grade of each quality.
Justify your views in one or two sentences.
| Characteristics | Jane Eyre | Mrs. Reed | Bessie | Helen Burns | Miss. Temple |
| arrogant | |||||
| bitter | |||||
| caring | |||||
| courageous | |||||
| cruel | |||||
| emotional | |||||
| friendly | |||||
| kind | |||||
| sensitive | |||||
| rich | |||||
| poor | |||||
| patient | |||||
| self-disciplined | |||||
| unjust |
Read the poem aloud in pairs.
The little bird broadened the hole with her______.
Which planet has red storm?
What happened to Dr. Karmugilan in the story?
How can we make our nation proud?
Read scene I of the play carefully and answer the question below.
Who is about to go on a hunt? Do the wolves panic on his arrival? Explain.
What is your hobby?
How were her strokes?
What does the man have?
List out the questions to which you seek answer using 'Why?'
Circle and write the adverbs.
We will leave today. ______
Find and write the clues.
Clue for lame ______.
Match the rhyming words.
| 1. share | dare |
| 2. bread | rest |
| 3. care | needs |
| 4. deeds | ahead |
| 5. zest | bear |
Amir realised his mistakes.
Why it is important for people to live without boundaries?
What do you think birds say to each other in the morning?
What are the details not to be revealed in public domain?
Being a bachelor, the stranger had no patience with children.
