मराठी

On the Basis of Your Understanding of the Above Passage, Make Notes on It Using Headings and Subheadings. Use Recognizable Abbreviations and a Format You Consider Suitable. - English Core

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प्रश्न

On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, make notes on it using headings and subheadings.  Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary – minimum four) and a format you consider suitable.  Also supply an appropriate title to it. 

टीपा लिहा
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उत्तर

(1) Howmuch water to drink everyday-one size does not fit all every individual different hydration needs  depends on a person's health, level of activity and climatic conditions.

(2) Water-most imp nutrient – 50% to 60% contributes our body weight-depends on individual age, gender and body-fat content survive. 2 months without food-without water not even a few days –  water essential for dehydration or can cause death lack of it cause malfunctioning of the kidney hinder excretion of uric acid, urea and calcium resulting kidney stones scarcity affects electrolyte bal in the  body dangerous causing Coma or Death.

(3) Water-breathing as lungs need to be moist before exc oxygen and carbon dioxide important for chemical reactions digestion & metabolism cool the body by perspiration and lubricates our joints people suffering  arthritis drink a glass every second hour.

(4) Last decade, the 8 x 8 guideline followed all over the world National Institute of Nutrition 2011 guidelines  Prescribed two lites or eight glasses of water per day for a healthy adult.

(5) Optimum hydration achieved by drinking low calories, nutritions beverages such as lemon water, green tea, coconut water, butter milk drink enough liquid the whole day include one of the beverage in midday  meal person requires minimum eigtht glasses water per day no grouping in one go. Divide glasses  throughout the day combile with low calories, nutritious beverages whenever possible.

(6) In take water according to weather for staying adeq hydrated.

(7) Conclusion water for pivot of existance no wasting water rain water harvesting Rajasthan water very  less other palces shortage leave for next generation. If same wasting of water continuous flights happening  say. Water is everywhere but not a drop to drink.

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Reading Skills
  या प्रश्नात किंवा उत्तरात काही त्रुटी आहे का?
2018-2019 (March) 1/3/1

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It wakes and enlivens every _________________.
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From tree to tree birds flit and, _________________.
Searching for food, with a sharp _________________.
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1. Our history makes it evident that the Indian Plastics Industry made a vigorous beginning in 1957 but it took more than 30 years for it to pervade Indian lifestyles. In 1979, "the market for plastics' was just being seeded by the state-owned Indian Petro-Chemicals and it was only in 1994 that plastic soft drink bottles became a visible source of annoyance.
2. In the same year, people in other cities were concerned about the state of public sanitation and also urged regulatory bodies to ban the production, distribution and use of plastic bags. However, the challenge was greater than it appeared at first.
3.

The massive generation of plastic waste in India is due to rapid urbanisation, spread of retail chains, plastic packaging from grocery to food and vegetable products, to consumer items and cosmetics. The projected high growth rates of GDP and continuing rapid urbanisation suggest that India's trajectory of plastic consumption and plastic waste is likely to increase.

4. According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) report of 2018, India stands among few other countries like France, Mongolia and several African countries that have initiated total or partial nationallevel bans on plastics in their jurisdictions. On World Environment Day in 2018, India vowed to phase out single-use plastics by 2022, which gave a much needed impetus to bring this change
5. In this context, thereafter ten states (Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu) are currently sending their collected waste to cement plants for co-processing, twelve other states/UTs are using plastic waste for polymer bitumen road construction and still four other states are using the plastic waste for waste-to-energy plants and oil production. A world of greater possibilities has now opened up to initiate appropriate and concrete actions to build up the necessary institutions and systems before oceans turn, irreversibly into a thin soup of plastic.
6. However there is no one single masterstroke to counter the challenges witnessed by the staggering plastic waste management in the country. The time is now to formulate robust and inclusive National Action Plans and while doing so, the country will establish greater transparency to combat the plastic jeopardy in a more sustainable and holistic way.

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  1. What does the writer mean by 'visible source of annoyance'?
  2. Why did people demand a ban on plastics?
  3. What created a demand for plastics in India?
  4. With reference to the graph write one conclusion that can be drawn about the production of plastics in 2019 (approximately).
  5. What does the upward trend of the graph indicate?
  6. What does the line, oceans turning 'irreversibly into a thin soup of plastic', suggest?
  7. What step must be taken to combat the challenges of plastic waste management? What will be its impact?

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