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प्रश्न
Name three products of the chlor-alkali process. State two uses of each of these products.
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उत्तर
The three main products of the chlor-alkali process are hydrogen (H2), chlorine (Cl2) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
Uses of Sodium Hydroxide:
- Sodium hydroxide is used for making soaps and detergents.
- Sodium hydroxide is used for making artificial textile fibres (such as rayon).
- Sodium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of paper.
- Sodium hydroxide is used in purifying bauxite ore from which aluminium metal is extracted.
- Sodium hydroxide is used in degreasing metals, oil refining, and the production of dyes and bleaches.
Uses of Chlorine:
- Chlorine is used to sterilise drinking water supply, and the water in swimming pools. This is because chlorine is a disinfectant (which kills germs like bacteria present in water and makes it safe).
- It is used in the production of bleaching powder.
- It is used in the production of hydrochloric acid.
- It is used to make plastics such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), pesticides, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, paints and dye-stuffs.
- It is used for making solvents for dry cleaning (such as trichloroethane).
Uses of Hydrogen:
- Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of oils to obtain solid fats (called vegetable ghee or margarine).
- Hydrogen is used in the production of hydrochloric acid.
- Hydrogen is used to make ammonia for fertilisers.
- Hydrogen is used to make methanol (CH3ОH).
- Liquid hydrogen is used as a fuel for rockets.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
State whether the following statement is true or false:
Copper sulphate crystals are always wet due to the presence of water of crystallisation in them.
Name three chemicals made from common salt (or sodium chloride).
Give any two uses of common salt (sodium chloride).
Name the raw material used for the production of caustic soda.
Write the names, formulae and colours of any two hydrated salts.
Write the name and formula of one salt which contains:
Two molecules of water of crystallisation.
Name a salt whose solubility decreases with temperature.
Hard water required for an experiment is not available in a school laboratory. However, following salts are available in the laboratory. Select the salts which may be dissolved in water to make it hard for the experiment.
|
(1) |
Calcium Sulphate |
(2) |
Sodium Sulphate |
|
(3) |
Calcium Chloride |
(4) |
Potassium Sulphate |
|
(5) |
Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate |
(6) |
Magnesium Chloride |
(A) 1, 2 and 4
(B) 1, 3 and 6
(C) 3, 5 and 6
(D) 2, 4 and 5
Name the particles present in :
Strong electrolyte
Taking sodium carbonate as an example, give the meaning of the following terms:
Anhydrous
Distinguish by a chemical test sodium carbonate and sodium sulphite.
Distinguish by a chemical test sodium hydroxide solution and ammonium hydroxide solution.
Salts A, B, C, D and E undergo reactions (i) to (v) respectively. Identify the anion present in these salts on the basis of these reactions.
- When silver nitrate solution is added to a solution of A, a white precipitate, insoluble in dilute nitric acid, is formed.
- The addition of dilute hydrochloric acid to B produces a gas which turns lead acetate black on paper.
- When a freshly prepared solution of ferrous sulphate is added to a solution of C and concentrated sulphuric acid is gently poured from the side of the test tube, a brown ring is formed.
- When dilute sulphuric acid is added to D, a gas is produced which turns acidified potassium dichromate solution from orange to green.
- The addition of dilute hydrochloric acid to E produces effervescence. The gas produced turns lime water milky but does not affect acidified potassium dichromate solution.
The Salt Story
From: The New Indian Express 9 March 2021
The salt pans in Marakkanam, a port town about 120 km from Chennai are the third largest producer of salt in Tamil Nadu. Separation of salt from water is a laborious process and the salt obtained is used as raw materials for manufacture of various sodium compounds.
One such compound is Sodium hydrogen carbonate, used in baking, as an antacid and in soda acid fire extinguishers.
The table shows the mass of various compounds obtained when 1litre of sea water is evaporated.
| COMPOUND | FORMULA | MASS OF SOLID PRESENT /g |
| Sodium Chloride | NaCl | 28.0 |
| Magnesium Chloride | MgCl2 | 8.0 |
| Magnesium Sulphate | MgSO4 | 6.0 |
| Calcium Sulphate | CaSO4 | 2.0 |
| Calcium Carbonate | CaCO3 | 1.0 |
| TOTAL AMOUNT OF SALT OBTAINED | 45.0 | |
What is the pH of the acid which is used in the formation of common salt?
The acid reacts with a base to form a neutral product called ______.
Salt which is formed by the partial replacement of hydrogen ions of an acid by a metal is called ______.
How is normal salt obtained? Give a suitable reaction.
Name the salt formed when sulphuric acid is added to sodium hydroxide and write its pH.
You are provided with the list of chemicals mentioned below in the box:
| Sodium hydroxide solution, copper carbonate, zinc, hydrochloric acid, copper, dilute sulphuric acid, chlorine, iron |
Using suitable chemicals from the list given, write a balanced chemical equation for the preparation of the salt mentioned below:
Copper sulphate
