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प्रश्न
Highlight any three differences between primitive subsistence farming and intensive subsistence farming.
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उत्तर
Primitive subsistence farming refers to agricultural practices that are utilized to meet the needs of one's family. The practices are rudimentary and do not involve the usage of modern technology. Thus, the resulting output is barely sufficient to meet the requirements of the individual cultivator and his/her family. Shifting cultivation and nomadic herding are examples of primitive subsistence agriculture.
Intensive subsistence farming is practiced in areas of high population pressure on land. Modern machinery is used. Labour intensive farming is used. The artificial irrigation method is followed. In this type of farming, high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher production. Higher doses of modern inputs, e.g. high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, insecticides, and pesticides are used.
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| Jhumming: The 'slash and burn' agriculture is known as, 'Milpa' in Mexico and Central America, 'Conuco' in Venezuela, 'Roca' in Brazil, 'Masole' in Central Africa, 'Ladang' in Indonesia, 'Ray' in Vietnam. In India, this primitive form of cultivation is called 'Bewar' or 'Dahiya' in Madhya Pradesh, 'Podu' or 'Penda' in Andhra Pradesh, 'Pama Dabi' or 'Koman' or 'Bringa' in Odisha, 'Kumari' in Western Ghats, 'Valre' or 'Waltre' in South-eastern Rajasthan, 'Khil' in the Himalayan belt, 'Kuruwa' in Jharkhand, and 'Jhumming' in the North-eastern region. |
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| Commercial Farming: The main characteristic of this type of farming is the use of higher doses of modern inputs, e.g. high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides in order to obtain higher productivity. The degree of commercialisation of agriculture varies from one region to another. For example, rice is a commercial crop in Haryana and Punjab, but in Odisha, it is a subsistence crop. |
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