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प्रश्न
Explain, with the help of a circuit diagram, the principle and working of a Zener diode as voltage regular.
Explain the working of Zener diode as a voltage regulator.
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उत्तर
Principle: A properly doped p–n junction that is supposed to work in a breakdown region is called a Zener diode. Such a junction when reverse biased shows a sudden increase in current to a high value at a certain voltage known as the breakdown voltage or the Zener voltage.
Working: A Zener diode can be used as a voltage regulator to provide a constant value of voltage from a source whose value fluctuates over a wide range.
Given below is a circuit diagram. The fluctuating voltage source connects to a Zener diode through a resistance R. Across the load resistance RL, a steady voltage supply is kept.
When the input voltage increases, the resistance of the Zener diode decreases, and hence the current through the diode increases. Thus, a large voltage drop is seen across the resistance R and the output voltage across RL remains at a constant value. When the input voltage decreases, the resistance of the Zener diode increases and hence the current through the diode decreases. Only a small voltage drop takes place now across the resistance R, and the output voltage at RL remains constant. Thus, we get a constant voltage in spite of the fluctuating input voltage. In this way, a Zener diode acts as a voltage regulator.
Notes
Students should refer to the answer according to their question and preferred marks.
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