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प्रश्न
Explain the following statement with reason.
The Indian rulers had to obtain cartaz.
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उत्तर
The Cartaz was a license issued by the Portuguese to the Indian rulers for sailing on the Indian Ocean when they established firm control on the Indian Ocean. It usually carried details
like the name of the vessel (ship), the name of the captain of the ship, port of departure and arrival, the list of weapons on the ship loaded for the purpose of self-defense, etc.
संबंधित प्रश्न
Find the incorrect pair from group 'B', and write the corrected one.
The first seafarer to come to India by sea was ______.
Write a short note:
Portuguese war strategies
Write a short note:
Portuguese trade in India
State your opinion:
Portuguese had intolerant policies towards Indians.
Complete the concept map.

Complete the concept map/table.
| City in India | Centre of which European power |
| Goa | ______ |
| Kolkata | ______ |
| Nagpattan | ______ |
| Pondicherry (Puducherry) | ______ |
Find the incorrect pair from group ‘B’, and write the corrected one.
Write a short note on:
Cartaz
Explain Indian and European colonialism.
Portuguese
