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प्रश्न
Explain in your own words with suitable examples.
How does excretion occur in human beings?
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उत्तर
- The excretory system removes wastes from the body, which is an important function.
- The human excretory system is made up of two kidneys, two ureters, the urine bladder, and the urethra. The kidneys produce urine by removing waste and undesirable chemicals from the bloodstream.
- Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney that perform the basic function of filtration. The urea generated in the liver enters the bloodstream.
- When urea-containing blood enters the glomerulus, it is filtered by capillaries, removing urea and other related compounds.
- Water molecules and tiny molecules of other substances can pass through the semipermeable membrane of Bowman's capsule.
- The fluid that has accumulated in the Bowman's capsule cavity enters the nephron's tubular portion. Here, water molecules and other important compounds are reabsorbed into the bloodstream.
- Urine is generated from the residual fluid, which contains waste elements. The ureters carry urine, which is then stored in the urinary bladder. Urine is then released through the urethra.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Match structures given in Column I with functions given in Column II.
| Column I | Column II | ||
| (i) | Stomata | (a) | Absorption of water |
| (ii) | Xylem | (b) | Transpiration |
| (iii) | Root hairs | (c) | Transport of food |
| (iv) | Phloem | (d) | Transport of water |
| (e) | Synthesis of carbohydrates |
Fill in the following blank with suitable word:
Bowman's capsule and tubule taken together make a..........
The organs A of a person have been damaged completely due to which too much of a poisonous waste material B has started accumulating in his blood, making it dirty. In order to save this person's life, the blood from an artery in the person's arm is made to flow into long tubes made of substance E which are kept in coiled form in a tank containing solution F. This solution contains three materials G, H and I in similar proportions to those in normal blood. As the person's blood passes through long tubes of substance E, most of the wastes present in it go into solution. The clean blood is then put back into a vein in the arm of the person for circulation.
(a) What are organs A?
(b) Name the waste substance B.
(c) What are (i) E, and (ii) F?
(d) Name G, H and I.
(e) What is the process described above known as?
Write True (T) or False (F) for the following statement. Rewrite the false statement in the correct form.
Urine is devoid of blood cells.
If you donate one kidney to a needy patient, would it cause any harm to you? Give reason.
In summer the urine is slightly thicker than in winter explain the reason.
Differentiate between the following pairs of term :
Renal pelvis and renal papilla
Choose the correct answer:
The smallest functional unit of the kidney is ____________
Given below is a diagram of a human kidney, cut open longitudinally. Answer the following:
(i) Give definition of excretion.
(ii) Name the unit of kidney.
(iii) Why does the cortex of kidney show dotted appearance?
(iv) List the functions of the kidney.
The following diagram represents a mammalian kidney tubule (nephron) and its blood supply.
Parts indicated by the guidelines 1to 8 are as follows:
1. Afferent arteriole from renal artery
2. Efferent arteriole
3. Bowman's capsule
4. Glomerulus
5. Proximal convoluted tubule with blood capillaries
6. Distal convoluted tubule with blood capillaries
7. Collecting tubule
8. U-shaped loop of Henle
Study the diagram and answer the question that follow:
Which structure (normally) contains the lowest concentration of glucose?
Given below is a highly simplified diagram of the human kidney cut open longitudinally. Answer the question that follow:
Write two differences in composition of the blood flowing through the blood vessels, 'A' and 'B'.
Describe in brief how urine is produced in the human body.
Study the diagram given below and then answer the questions that follow:
 |
- Name the region in the kidney where the above structure is present?
- Name the parts labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4.
- Name the stages involved in the formation of urine.
- What is the technical term given to the process occurring in 2 and 3? Briefly describe the process.
Draw a labeled diagram of the human kidney as seen in a longitudinal section.
Name the Following
The term used for Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus together.
Write the functional activity of the following structure: Renal artery
Choose the Odd One Out:
Give two examples of the following:
Bile pigments
The main nitrogenous waste formed in the human body:
