CISCE Class 12 Economics Solutions Guide
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CISCE Class 12 Economics Textbook Solutions
Questions and answers for the Class 12 Economics Textbook are on this page. R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics Digest CISCE will help students understand the concepts better.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics Chapterwise List | Class 12 Economics Digest
The answers to the R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar books are the best study material for students. Listed below are the chapter-wise R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Economics Class 12 Solutions CISCE.
Chapters
- Unit 1 : Micro economic Theory
- • 1: Micro and Macro Economics - An Introduction
- • 2: Demand and Law of Demand
- • 3: Elasticity of Demand
- • 4: Theory of Consumer's Behaviour : Cardinal Utility Analysis
- • 5: Theory of Consumer's Behaviour : Indifference Curve Analysis
- • 6: Supply and Law of Supply
- • 7: Revenue Analysis
- • 8: Cost Theory Analysis
- • 9: Forms of Market
- • 10: Concept of Production and Law of Returns
- • 11: Equilibrium of Firm and Industry Under Perfect Competition
- • 12: Producer's Equilibrium Under Perfect Competition
- • 13: Price Output Under Perfect Competition
- • 14: Price Output Determination Under Monopoly
- • 15: Price Output Determination Under Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly
- Unit 2 : Theory of Income and Employment
- • 16: Basic Concepts of Macro Economics
- • 17: Aggregate Demand and Supply - Determinants of Equilibrium
- • 18: Consumption Function {Propensity to Consume)
- • 19: Concept of Investments-Types and Determinants
- • 20: Multiplier - I : Static and Dynamic
- • 21: Full Employment and Voluntary Unemployment
- • 22: Problems of Deficient Demand and Excesss Demand
- • 23: Measures to Correct Deficient and Excess Demand
- Unit 3 : Money and Banking
- • 24: Money - An Introduction
- • 25: Bank and Commercial Bank
- • 26: Central Bank
- Unit 4 : International Trade
- • 27: Balance of Payments
- • 28: Foreign Exchange Rate
- Unit 5 : Public Finance
- • 29: Fiscal Policy
- • 30: Budget
- Unit 6 ; National Income
- • 31: National Income and Circular Flow of Income
- • 32: Concepts of National Income
- • 33: Measurement of National Income
- • 34: National Income and Economic Welfare
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Chapters covered in R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Economics [English] Class 12 ISC
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 1: Micro and Macro Economics - An Introduction
Concepts covered in Micro and Macro Economics - An Introduction are Branches of Economics, Macroeconomics, Microeconomics, Micro Economics VS Macro Economics.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 1: Micro and Macro Economics - An Introduction exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 22 | 1.7 to 1.8 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 6 | 1.8 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 2: Demand and Law of Demand
Concepts covered in Demand and Law of Demand are Change in Demand – Shift in Demand Curve, Change in Quantity Demanded: Movement along the Demand Curve, Concept of Demand, Demand Curve, Demand Function, Demand Schedule, Determinants of Demand, Difference Between Contraction and Decrease in Demand, Difference Between Extension and Increase in Demand, Exceptions to the Law of Demand, Importance of the Law of Demand, Individual Demand Curve, Individual Demand Schedule, Law of Demand, Market Demand Curve, Market Demand Schedule, Movement along the Demand Curve and Shift of the Demand Curve, Paul A. Samuelson: Father of Modern Economics, Reasons for the Downward Slope of the Demand Curve, Role of Demand and Supply in Economics, Types of Demand.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 2: Demand and Law of Demand exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 38 | 2.19 to 2.22 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 37 | 2.22 to 2.23 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 3: Elasticity of Demand
Concepts covered in Elasticity of Demand are Concept of Elasticity of Demand, Factors Affecting Price Elasticity of Demand, Importance of Elasticity of Demand, Methods of Measuring Price Elasticity of Demand, Numerical Problems of Price Elasticity of Demand, Types of Elasticity of Demand > Cross Elasticity, Types of Elasticity of Demand > Income Elasticity, Types of Elasticity of Demand > Price Elasticity.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 3: Elasticity of Demand exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 32 | 3.16 to 3.18 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 36 | 3.18 to 3.19 |
| EXERCISES | 3 | 3.20 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 4: Theory of Consumer's Behaviour : Cardinal Utility Analysis
Concepts covered in Theory of Consumer's Behaviour : Cardinal Utility Analysis are Alfred Marshall: Key Contributor to Economics, Approaches to Consumer Behaviour, Basic Concepts of Microeconomics > Utility, Cardinal Approach (Utility Analysis), Consumer's Equilibrium through Cardinal Utility Approach, Consumer's Equilibrium through Indifference Curve Approach, Importance and Limitations of law of Equi-Marginal Utility, Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility, Law of Equi-Marginal Utility, Ordinal Utility Analysis/Indifference Curve Analysis, Price Line or Budget Line, Properties of Indifference Curves, Relationship Between Marginal Rate of Substitution and Marginal Utility, Relationship Between Total Utility and Marginal Utility, Total Utility and Marginal Utility.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 4: Theory of Consumer's Behaviour : Cardinal Utility Analysis exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 37 | 4.18 to 4.20 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 12 | 4.20 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 5: Theory of Consumer's Behaviour : Indifference Curve Analysis
Concepts covered in Theory of Consumer's Behaviour : Indifference Curve Analysis are Alfred Marshall: Key Contributor to Economics, Approaches to Consumer Behaviour, Basic Concepts of Microeconomics > Utility, Cardinal Approach (Utility Analysis), Consumer's Equilibrium through Cardinal Utility Approach, Consumer's Equilibrium through Indifference Curve Approach, Importance and Limitations of law of Equi-Marginal Utility, Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility, Law of Equi-Marginal Utility, Ordinal Utility Analysis/Indifference Curve Analysis, Price Line or Budget Line, Properties of Indifference Curves, Relationship Between Marginal Rate of Substitution and Marginal Utility, Relationship Between Total Utility and Marginal Utility, Total Utility and Marginal Utility.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 5: Theory of Consumer's Behaviour : Indifference Curve Analysis exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 46 | 5.17 to 5.18 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 9 | 5.19 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 6: Supply and Law of Supply
Concepts covered in Supply and Law of Supply are Categories (Degrees) of Elasticity of Supply, Concept of Supply, Determinants of Supply, Law of Supply, Measurement of Elasticity of Supply, Movements Along and Shifts in Supply Curve, Price Elasticity of Supply.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 6: Supply and Law of Supply exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 48 | 6.17 to 6.19 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 33 | 6.20 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 7: Revenue Analysis
Concepts covered in Revenue Analysis are Behaviour of Cost in the Short - Run, Comparative Study of Revenue Curves under Different Markets, Cost Concepts > Average Cost, Cost Concepts > Marginal Cost, Cost Concepts > Total Costs, Cost of Production, Costs in Long Run Period, Difference Between Short - Run & Long Run Costs, Long-Run Cost Curves, Relation Between Total, Average and Marginal Revenue, Relationship between Average and Marginal Cost, Relationship Between (Mutual Determination) AR, MR, and Elasticity of Demand, Relationship between Total, Average and Marginal Revenues under Perfect Competition, Relationship between Total, Average and Marginal Revenue under Imperfect Competition, Revenue Concepts, Significance of Revenue Curve, Theories of Costs: Traditional Theory of Costs/Short Run Cost Curves, Types of Revenue.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 7: Revenue Analysis exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 21 | 7.15 to 7.16 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 8: Cost Theory Analysis
Concepts covered in Cost Theory Analysis are Behaviour of Cost in the Short - Run, Comparative Study of Revenue Curves under Different Markets, Cost Concepts > Average Cost, Cost Concepts > Marginal Cost, Cost Concepts > Total Costs, Cost of Production, Costs in Long Run Period, Difference Between Short - Run & Long Run Costs, Long-Run Cost Curves, Relation Between Total, Average and Marginal Revenue, Relationship between Average and Marginal Cost, Relationship Between (Mutual Determination) AR, MR, and Elasticity of Demand, Relationship between Total, Average and Marginal Revenues under Perfect Competition, Relationship between Total, Average and Marginal Revenue under Imperfect Competition, Revenue Concepts, Significance of Revenue Curve, Theories of Costs: Traditional Theory of Costs/Short Run Cost Curves, Types of Revenue.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 8: Cost Theory Analysis exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 66 | 22 to 25 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 51 | 25 to 27 |
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R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 9: Forms of Market
Concepts covered in Forms of Market are Bilateral Monopoly, Classification of Market Structure, Comparison between different forms of market, Concept of Market, Concept of Monopsony, Demand Curves of Firms under Different Market Forms, Duopoly, Factors Determining Market / Extent of Market, Market Structure, Monopolistic Competition, Monopoly, Oligopoly, Other Forms of Market, Perfect Competition.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 9: Forms of Market exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 39 | 9.16 to 9.19 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 36 | 9.19 to 9.20 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 10: Concept of Production and Law of Returns
Concepts covered in Concept of Production and Law of Returns are Basics of Production Theory, Changes in Production, Diseconomies of Scale, Economies of Scale, Explanation of the Law of Variable Proportions, Factors of Production, Law of Variable Proportions, Law of Variable Proportions and Returns to Scale Compared, Production Function, Products, Relationship between Average Product (AP) and Marginal Product (MP), Relationship between Total Product (TP) and Marginal Product (MP), Scale of Production and Concept of Indivisibility, Significance of Economies of Scale, Stages of Operation and the Decision to Produce, Three Stages of Production, Variation of Output in the Long Run - Returns to Scale, Variation of Output in the Short-Run Returns to a Factor.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 10: Concept of Production and Law of Returns exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 32 | 10.23 to 10.26 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 36 | 10.26 to 10.27 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 11: Equilibrium of Firm and Industry Under Perfect Competition
Concepts covered in Equilibrium of Firm and Industry Under Perfect Competition are Concept of Equilibrium in Economics, Determination of Long Run Equilibrium of a Firm, Determination of Short Run Equilibrium of a Firm, Difference Between Firm and Industry's Equilibrium, Equilibrium of Industry, Firm is a Price Taker, Not a Price Maker, Firm's Equilibrium, Producer's (Firm's) Equilibrium: Marginal Revenue and Marginal Cost Approach, Producer's (Firm's) Equilibrium: Total Revenue and Total Cost Approach.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 11: Equilibrium of Firm and Industry Under Perfect Competition exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 25 | 11.11 to 11.13 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 12 | 11.13 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 12: Producer's Equilibrium Under Perfect Competition
Concepts covered in Producer's Equilibrium Under Perfect Competition are Concepts of Gross Profits, Net Profits and Producer's Equilibrium, Producer's Equilibrium, Producer's Equilibrium in Short Period and Long Period, Producer's Equilibrium under Perfect Competition, Revenue and Cost Curves under Perfect Competition.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 12: Producer's Equilibrium Under Perfect Competition exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 19 | 12.8 to 12.9 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 12 | 12.9 to 12.10 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 13: Price Output Under Perfect Competition
Concepts covered in Price Output Under Perfect Competition are Changes in Equilibrium, Comparison between Market Price and Normal Price, Determination of Equilibrium Prices, Determination of Long Run Equilibrium of a Firm, Determination of Short Run Equilibrium of a Firm, Effect of Simultaneous change in Demand and Supply on Equilibrium Price, Normal Price and Law of Returns, Perfect Competition, Practical Applications of Tools of Demand and Supply Analysis, Price Determination Under Perfect Competition, Time Element in the Theory of Price Determination.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 13: Price Output Under Perfect Competition exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 28 | 13.17 to 13.19 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 8 | 13.19 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 14: Price Output Determination Under Monopoly
Concepts covered in Price Output Determination Under Monopoly are Determination of Price and Equilibrium Under Monopoly, Marginal Revenue and Marginal Cost Approach, Measures of Monopoly Power, Monopoly, Monopoly Equilibrium and Laws of Costs, Price and Output under Discriminating Monopoly, Price Discrimination or Discriminating Monopoly, Total Revenue and Total Cost Approach.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 14: Price Output Determination Under Monopoly exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 30 | 14.15 to 14.17 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 7 | 14.17 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 15: Price Output Determination Under Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly
Concepts covered in Price Output Determination Under Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly are Collusive Oligopoly, Cournot's Model, Equilibrium Price and Output under Monopolistic Competition, Group Equilibrium in Monopolistic Competition, Imperfect Competition, Mergers, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly, Price and Output Determination under Oligopoly, Price Rigidity-Sweezy's Kinky Demand Curve Model or Equilibrium under Independent Action, Product Differentiation, Selling Costs.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 15: Price Output Determination Under Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 32 | 15.25 to 15.26 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 11 | 15.27 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 16: Basic Concepts of Macro Economics
Concepts covered in Basic Concepts of Macro Economics are Difference between Static and Dynamic Analysis, Dynamic Analysis, Partial and General Equilibrium, Static Analysis, Variables.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 16: Basic Concepts of Macro Economics exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 35 | 16.7 to 16.8 |
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R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 17: Aggregate Demand and Supply - Determinants of Equilibrium
Concepts covered in Aggregate Demand and Supply - Determinants of Equilibrium are Critical Evaluation of Effective Demand, Determinants of Effective Demand > Aggregate Demand Function, Determinants of Effective Demand > Aggregate Supply Function, Determination of Effective Demand, Effective Demand, Importance of Effective Demand.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 17: Aggregate Demand and Supply - Determinants of Equilibrium exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 33 | 17.9 to 17.11 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 4 | 17.12 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 18: Consumption Function {Propensity to Consume)
Concepts covered in Consumption Function {Propensity to Consume) are Average Propensity to Consume, Determinants of Propensity to Consume, Kinds or Technical Attributes of Propensity to Consume, Marginal Propensity to Consume, Measures to Raise Propensity to Consume, Propensity to Consume or Consumption Function, Propensity to Save, Psychological Law of Propensity to Consume.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 18: Consumption Function {Propensity to Consume) exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 38 | 18.15 to 18.17 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 11 | 18.18 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 19: Concept of Investments-Types and Determinants
Concepts covered in Concept of Investments-Types and Determinants are Dangers of Public Investment, Determinants of Induced Investment, Importance of Investment, Investment, Measures to Stimulate Private Investment, Source of Public Investment.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 19: Concept of Investments-Types and Determinants exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 37 | 19.8 to 19.10 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 1 | 19.10 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 20: Multiplier - I : Static and Dynamic
Concepts covered in Multiplier - I : Static and Dynamic are Assumptions of Multiplier, Balanced-Budget Multiplier, Dynamic Concept of Multiplier, Explanation of Dynamic Multiplier, Importance of Multiplier, Leakages of Multiplier, Limitations of Multiplier, Multiplier, Size of Investment Multiplier, Static Multiplier, Types of Multiplier, Working of Multiplier.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 20: Multiplier - I : Static and Dynamic exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 41 | 20.21 to 20.24 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 3 | 20.24 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 21: Full Employment and Voluntary Unemployment
Concepts covered in Full Employment and Voluntary Unemployment are Classical View on Full Employment, Determination of Equilibrium Level of Income and Employment, Flexibility of wages Interests and Prices, Important Terms of Employment and Unemployment, Keynes's View on Full Employment, The Concept of Full Employment, Unemployment Associated with Full Employment.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 21: Full Employment and Voluntary Unemployment exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 13 | 21.11 to 21.12 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 2 | 21.12 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 22: Problems of Deficient Demand and Excesss Demand
Concepts covered in Problems of Deficient Demand and Excesss Demand are Cyclical Fluctuations, Deficient Demand, Deflationary Gap, Difference between Deficient Demand and Excess Demand, Excess Demand, Inflationary Gap, Types of Employment Equilibrium.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 22: Problems of Deficient Demand and Excesss Demand exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 23 | 22.10 to 22.12 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 3 | 22.12 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 23: Measures to Correct Deficient and Excess Demand
Concepts covered in Measures to Correct Deficient and Excess Demand are Fiscal Policy and Deflationary Gap, Fiscal Policy and Inflationary Gap, Foreign Trade Policy, Instruments of Monetary Policy, Monetary Policy, Objectives of Monetary Policy, Structure of Public Finance > Fiscal Policy.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 23: Measures to Correct Deficient and Excess Demand exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 28 | 23.11 to 23.12 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 3 | 23.12 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 24: Money - An Introduction
Concepts covered in Money - An Introduction are Barter system, Concept of Money, Functions of Money, Importance of Money, Inflation, Modern Forms of Money, Supply of Money, Types of Money.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 24: Money - An Introduction exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 26 | 24.11 to 24.12 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 12 | 24.12 |
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R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 25: Bank and Commercial Bank
Concepts covered in Bank and Commercial Bank are Banking > Functions of Commercial Bank, Central Bank, Central Bank as a Controller of Credit, Commercial Banks, Comparison Between Central Bank and Commercial Banks, Concept of Bank, Credit Creation by Commercial Banks, Methods of Credit Control, Qualitative (Or Selective) Methods, Quantitative Methods, Role of Commercial Banks in an Economy, Types of Bank.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 25: Bank and Commercial Bank exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 13 | 25.11 to 25.12 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 8 | 25.12 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 26: Central Bank
Concepts covered in Central Bank are Banking > Functions of Commercial Bank, Central Bank, Central Bank as a Controller of Credit, Commercial Banks, Comparison Between Central Bank and Commercial Banks, Concept of Bank, Credit Creation by Commercial Banks, Methods of Credit Control, Qualitative (Or Selective) Methods, Quantitative Methods, Role of Commercial Banks in an Economy, Types of Bank.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 26: Central Bank exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 29 | 26.13 to 26.15 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 8 | 26.15 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 27: Balance of Payments
Concepts covered in Balance of Payments are Balance of Payments Always Balances, Balance of Payments Disequilibrium, Balance of Trade and Balance of Payments- Comparison, Capital Account Transactions, Categories of Balance of Payments, Components of Balance of Payments, Concept of Balance of Payments, Concepts of Depreciation, Appreciation, Devaluation and Revaluation, Current Account Transactions, Determination of Equilibrium Rate of Exchange, Determination of Exchange Rate in a Free Market, Exchange Rate, Factors or Determinants of Foreign Exchange Rate, Features of Balance of Payment, Fixed Rate of Exchange, Flexible Rate of Exchange, Foreign Exchange Rate, Managed Floating Exchange Rate System, Measures to Correct Disequilibrium in the Balance of Payments, Methods to Measure Balance of Payments, Structure of Balance of Payment, Types of Foreign Exchange Rate.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 27: Balance of Payments exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 15 | 27.13 to 27.14 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 28 | 27.14 to 27.15 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 28: Foreign Exchange Rate
Concepts covered in Foreign Exchange Rate are Balance of Payments Always Balances, Balance of Payments Disequilibrium, Balance of Trade and Balance of Payments- Comparison, Capital Account Transactions, Categories of Balance of Payments, Components of Balance of Payments, Concept of Balance of Payments, Concepts of Depreciation, Appreciation, Devaluation and Revaluation, Current Account Transactions, Determination of Equilibrium Rate of Exchange, Determination of Exchange Rate in a Free Market, Exchange Rate, Factors or Determinants of Foreign Exchange Rate, Features of Balance of Payment, Fixed Rate of Exchange, Flexible Rate of Exchange, Foreign Exchange Rate, Managed Floating Exchange Rate System, Measures to Correct Disequilibrium in the Balance of Payments, Methods to Measure Balance of Payments, Structure of Balance of Payment, Types of Foreign Exchange Rate.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 28: Foreign Exchange Rate exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 23 | 28.10 to 28.11 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 4 | 28.11 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 29: Fiscal Policy
Concepts covered in Fiscal Policy are Deficit Financing, Fiscal Measures for Stabilisation, Fiscal Policy in Action, Importance of Public Expenditure, Instruments of Fiscal Policy, Instruments of Fiscal Policy - Taxation, Limitations of Fiscal Policy, Methods of Fiscal Policy in Developing Countries, Miscellaneous Objectives of Fiscal Policy, Objectives of Fiscal Policy, Proportional, Progressive and Regressive Taxes, Public Debt - Redemption, Public Finance, Reasons for Borrowing by the Government, Structure of Public Finance > Fiscal Policy, Structure of Public Finance > Public Debt, Structure of Public Finance > Public Expenditure, Structure of Public Finance > Public Revenue, Tax Reforms in India, Types of Taxes.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 29: Fiscal Policy exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 28 | 29.12 to 29.13 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 41 | 29.14 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 30: Budget
Concepts covered in Budget are Balanced Budget Vs Unbalanced Budget, Budget, Budgetary Procedure, Capital Receipts, Classification of Budget Receipts, Components (Structure) of the Government Budget, Concepts Related to Budget Deficits, Constituents of budget /Structure of the budget, Developmental and Non-developmental Expenditure, Government Budget, Modern Classification of Budget, Need and Importance of Government Budget, Objectives of Budget, Public Revenue > Non-tax Revenue, Revenue Expenditure and Capital Expenditure, Significance of Budget, Structure of Public Finance > Public Expenditure, Tax Revenue, Types of Budget, Types of budget deficit, Types of Government Budget in India, Zero-Base Budgeting in India, Zero-Base Budgeting (ZBB).
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 30: Budget exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 67 | 30.27 to 30.30 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 41 | 30.30 to 30.31 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 31: National Income and Circular Flow of Income
Concepts covered in National Income and Circular Flow of Income are Circular flow and the Equality between Production, Income and Expenditure, Circular Flow in a Closed Economy, Circular Flow in a Open Economy, Circular Flow of Income, Concept of National Income, Domestic Income, Economic Sectors of an Economy, Four-Sector Model of Circular Flow of Income, National Income Aggregates, Significance or Importance of Circular Flow of Income, Significance or Importance of National Income, Three-Sector Model of Circular Flow of Income, Two-Sector Model without Savings and Investment, Two-Sector Model with Savings and Investment.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 31: National Income and Circular Flow of Income exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 28 | 31.14 to 31.15 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 11 | 31.15 to 31.16 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 32: Concepts of National Income
Concepts covered in Concepts of National Income are Constituents of GNP, Difference between National and Private Income, Difference between Net Domestic and Net National Product at Market Price, Difference between Net Domestic Product at Factor Cost and Net Domestic Product at Market Price, Difference between Net National and Gross National Product at Market Price, Difference between Private and Personal Income, Disposable Income Aggregates, Factor Income from Net Domestic Product accuring to Private Sector, Gross Domestic Product at Market Price, Gross Domestic Product (National Income) and Economic Welfare, Gross Domestic Product or Income at Factor Cost, Gross National Product at Factor Cost, Gross National Product at Market Price, Interrelationship among National Income Aggregates, Key Relationships Among National Income Aggregates, National Income Aggregates, Net Domestic Product at Market Price, Net Domestic Product or Income at Factor Cost, Net National Income or Product at Factor Cost, Net National Product (NNP), Per Capita Income, Personal Income of National Income, Private Income, Real GDP and Nominal GDP, Real Income.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 32: Concepts of National Income exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 51 | 32.16 to 32.19 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 38 | 32.20 to 32.22 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 33: Measurement of National Income
Concepts covered in Measurement of National Income are Alternative Methods of National Income Estimation, Components of Net National Product at Factor Cost in its Three Phases, Concept of National Income, Difficulties in the Estimation of National Income by Value-added Method, Expenditure Method, Income Method, Methods of Measurement of National Income, Net Product or Value Added Method, Numericals on Income, Product and Expenditure Method, Precautions in the Estimation of National Income by Expenditure Method, Precautions in the Estimation of National Income by Value-added Method, Reconciling The Three Methods Of Estimating National Income, Significance of three Methods, The Identity of Output, Income and Expenditure, Transactions Included in National Income, Transactions not Included in National Income.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 33: Measurement of National Income exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 29 | 33.18 to 33.19 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 40 | 33.20 to 33.21 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Class 12 Economics (12th) 34: National Income and Economic Welfare
Concepts covered in National Income and Economic Welfare are Causes of Slow Growth of National Income, Definitions of Welfare Economics, Factors Determining the Size of National Income, National Income and National Welfare, National Income as a Measure of Economic Welfare, Relation between Economic Welfare and National Income, Suggestions for Increasing National Income, Welfare Economics.
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Class 12 Economics (12th) 34: National Income and Economic Welfare exercises
| Exercise | No. of questions | Pages |
|---|---|---|
| TEST QUESTIONS | 16 | 34.16 to 34.17 |
| EXAMINATION CORNER | 4 | 34.17 |
R. K. Lekhi and P. K. Dhar Solutions for Economics [English] Class 12 ISC
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