SCERT Maharashtra solutions for साइंस एण्ड टेक्नॉलोजी पार्ट २ [अंग्रेजी] कक्षा १० महाराष्ट्र राज्य बोर्ड chapter 8 - Cell Biology and Biotechnology [Latest edition]

At the earliest stage of development, the organism is in the form of a mass of a cell, which are almost alike, those cells are called ____________.

Which of the following is an important requirement in organ transplantation?

Availability of __________ is an important requirement in organ transplantation.

The disease related with the synthesis of insulin is ____________.

Transgenic raw potatoes generate the immunity against ___________ disease.

______ have valuable contributions in the green revolution in the USA.

Methods like artificial insemination and embryo transplant are mainly used for _____________.

_____________ is the revolutionary event in biotechnology after cloning.

Biotechnology integrated the toxin which is fatal for ___________, was produced in leaves and bolls of cotton.

Cell _____________ starts from 14^th day of conception.

The Government of India has encouraged ___________ for improving the productivity by launching the program NKM-16.

____________ are present in the umbilical cord by which the foetus is joined to the uterus of the mother.

For the purpose of preservation stem cell samples are kept in __________.

Phenylketonuria arises due to genetic changes in ______ cells.

_____________ organism is used as biofertilizers.

Stem cells are not found in ______.

The leaves of the transgenic variety of ______ are given to chew to prevent the cattles from contracting viral disease, rinderpest.

Dolly the sheep born through cloning technique has grown in the womb of a ______.

The idea of using microorganisms to destroy oil spills was first suggested by an American scientist of Indian origin ______.

Find an odd one out.

Find an odd one out.

Find an odd one out.

Find an odd one out.

Find an odd one out.

Find an odd one out.

Find an odd one out.

Study of structure, types and organelles of cells.

Donation of organs such as eyes, heart after death.

Use of non-genetic biotechnological techniques.

Genetically modified crops.

Bacterias that can be used as manure.

The number of different types of cells in the human body that are formed from embryonic cells.

Organs that can be used for organ transplantation.

Name the following.

Cells that are present in the initial development stage of zygote, that is formed by theunion of male and female gametes.

Medicinal plant used in making medicine on cough.

White revolution : Increase in Milk production : : Blue revolution : _______________

White revolution : Milk production : : Blue revolution : _______________

Apiculture : Honey bees : : Cultivation of medicinal plants : ______________.

Non-genetic technology involves mutations in cell genes.

Earlier insulin was being collected from the pancreas of horses.

Various essential elements like N, P, K are made available to crop by earthworms and fungi.

We don't have any tradition of curing disease with the help of natural resources.

Malaria is caused due to genetic disorder taking place in liver cells.

Pseudomonas bacteria can separate the hydrocarbon and oil pollutants from soil and water.

A gene isolated from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is integrated with the genome of cotton.

High class of varieties of crops have been developed through the techniques of organ transplantation.

Genetically modified crops have low resistance for disease.

Vaccines produced with the help of biotechnology do not remain active for a longer duration.

Match the following.

Match the following.

Match the following.

Define.

Vaccine

Define.

Biotechnology

Define.

Stem cell

Define.

Cloning

Define.

DNA fingerprint

Define.

Genetic treatment (Gene Therapy)

Give a scientific reason.

Weed control plants are beneficial for agriculture.

Give scientific reason.

Recently made vaccines are safe.

Give scientific reason.

Concepts of body donation and organ donation have come forward.

Give scientific reason.

Stem cells are extremely important in regenerative therapy.

Give scientific reason.

Sewage should not be discharged into the river without treatment.

Give scientific reason.

Genetically modified crops are beneficial to farmers.

Give scientific reason.

Some of the organs in the human body are precious.

What are stem cells?

State two types of stem cells.

Answer the following question in your own words.

Why some of the organs in human body are most valuable?

What is Biotechnology?

Give two branches of biotechnology.

What is the importance of stem cells in medical science?

Explain vaccination.

Answer the questions based on the given paragraph.

Lady Bug Beetle

            Lady bug beetles are friends of farmers as they destroy harmful insects. It is a predatory insect, which lives on biting worm, white fly worm, white moth, flower insects and bread worms. It acts as a natural insecticide for crops like maize, jawar, cotton, sugarcane, cereals, vegetables, fruit trees, etc. These are attractive red or yellow or grey coloured insects. Many species of this insect are found in our farms. The lifecycle of this insect follows eggs, larvae, cocoon and moth stages. The eggs are found in flutter. The larvae are grey in colour. Larvae and adults both live on sucking insects.

1. How does the lady bug beetle live?
2. Of which colour the lady bug beetles are?
3. State the stages of its lifecycle.
4. How does it help the farmers?

Write a short note.

Organ

Write a short note.

Body Donation

Write a short note.

Green Revolution

Write a short note.

White Revolution

Write a short note.

Blue Revolution

Write a short note.

Biotechnology

Write a short note.

Pearl culture

Complete the chart.

Write the correct answer in the blank circles.

Write practical uses of biotechnology.

Observe the following figure and answer the questions.

1. Which property of stem cell is shown in the figure?
2. Write the name of the cells or organs denoted by X and Y.
3. What is the benefit of tissue/organ culture from stem cells?

Complete the paragraph.

(red bone marrow, degenerated, umbilical cord, adipose, division, blastocyst)

Different tissues of the body are formed by _______ of stem cells. Stem cells are present in the _______ by which the fetus is joined to the uterus of the mother. Stem cells are also present in the _______ stage of embryonic development. Stem cells are present in _______ and _______ connective tissue of adult human beings. It has become possible to produce different types of tissues and the _______ part of any organ with the help of these stem cells.

What is Biotechnology?

What does biotechnology include?

Explain the commercial applications of biotechnology with examples.

How can we save the lives of many people by organ donations?

Explain the commercial applications of biotechnology with examples.

How is Biotechnology useful for human health?

What is meant by cloning?

Explain types of cloning.

Write uses of DNA fingerprinting?

How is Biotechnology useful in the development of agriculture?

What precaution should be taken while using insecticides?

Why are medicinal plants being cultivated nowadays?

How is Biotechnology used in food processing?

What are stem cells?

Write the types of stem cells?

Define genetically modified crops. 

Give two examples of genetically modified.

Give examples of bio-fertilizers mentioning their advantages.

What is meant by vaccination?

What is the safest method of vaccination?

Why are vaccines made by biotechnology preferred?

What is organic farming?

Why is there an emphasis on organic farming nowadays?

What will happen, if we eat transgenic potatoes?

Write the things in day-to-day life made by biotechnology.

Fill in the blanks in the following paragraph.

(environment related, decomposition, microbial techniques, organic matter, oxidized, aquatic life)

It has become possible to solve _______ various problems with the help of biotechnology. _______ are already in use for treatment on sewage and solid waste. Sewage is rich in _______. If such sewage is released in natural water bodies like rivers, the organic matter in it gets _______ with the help of dissolved oxygen. Due to this, level of dissolved oxygen in water decreases, adversely affecting the _______.

Observe the given figure and answer the following questions.

1. What is shown in the figure?
2. What can the stem cells make in this figure?
3. What can these stem cells transform into?

Which proteins are made by genetics?

Write the effect of biotechnology on agriculture and allied fields.

What is meant by the blue revolution?

Which products are produced by pisciculture?

What are the advantages of tissue culture?

What is meant by edible vaccines?

Write down the benefits of plants grown through tissue culture.

Complete the following chart.

1. What does the following figure relate to?
   
2. Briefly describe each of these steps.

Identify the given figure and label it.

Write down the names of five medicinal plants and their uses.

Read the following paragraph and write the answers to the questions based on them.

Vaccination gives either permanent or temporary immunity against a specific pathogen or disease. Traditionally, vaccines were prepared with the help of pathogens. Completely or partially killed pathogens were used as vaccines. However, due to this, there were chances of contracting the disease in case of some persons. Hence, as an alternative, scientists tried to artificially produce vaccines with the help of biotechnology. For this purpose, scientists produced the antigen in the laboratory with the help of genes isolated from the pathogen and used it as a vaccine. Thus, safer vaccines are being produced. Work on production of edible vaccines is in progress and presently, potatoes are being produced with the help of biotechnology. These potatoes are called transgenic potatoes. These potatoes will act against bacteria like Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli. Consumption of these raw potatoes generates immunity against pathogens. For the production of such edible vaccines, antigens are produced by isolating the desired gene from human pathogens and injecting it into plants.

1. How can people who have been vaccinated get infected?
2. Why are vaccines produced with the help of biotechnology safer than conventional vaccines?
3. How does the immune system respond to vaccination?
4. What is the disadvantage of transgenic potatoes?
5. Why is vaccination more beneficial than antibiotics?

Write the correct statement from the statements given in the box below the figure.

1. The whole plant is formed from the pieces of leaves which contain the genes of human pathogens.
2. Consumption of raw potatoes builds immunity against those germs.
3. Isolation of desired genes from pathogens found in human beings.
4. Genetically transmitted plant-virus.
5. The virus infects pieces of potato leaves.

Explain the statement.

The revolutionary phenomenon in biotechnology after cloning is stem cell research.

How can we solve many environmental problems using modern biotechnology?

How is biotechnology useful for human health? Explain with an example.

Complete the concept paper based on ‘Use of Biotechnology in Human Health’.

What is meant by cloning?

What is reproductive cloning?

What is therapeutic cloning?

Which animal was created by cloning technique?

Explain the advantages of cloning technique.

Distinguish between the following.

Local cow and Jersey cow